The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP) was formed in 1981 to analyze federal budget issues, focusing largely on how budget decisions affect Americans with low incomes. The group pursues “federal and state policies designed both to reduce poverty and inequality and to restore fiscal responsibility in equitable and effective ways.”¹

The work of the group has broadened over the years, particularly when it expanded to work on low-income programs and budget priorities at the state level in the 1990s as the federal government shifted more responsibility over low-income policy to the states. CBPP collaborates there with nonprofits, particularly with the more than 40 members of the State Priorities Partnership, which CBPP coordinates.² The State Priorities Partnership states its goal is “reducing inequality and fighting poverty by making sure states have the resources they need through an accountable budget process.”³

The group is widely regarded as being aligned with progressive and liberal positions. David Callahan of Inside Philanthropy once wrote, “No think tank commands more respect among liberal policy wonks and Capitol Hill Democrats than the D.C-based Center for Budget and Policy Priorities.”⁴ The organization receives financial support from progressive foundations and labor unions.

Initiatives

CBPP bills itself as nonpartisan, but a look at the center’s stance on issues indicates a left-of-center view. In 2011, the Daily Signal argued the group skewered statistics to benefit liberal talking points. While a chart from CBPP claimed the next decade’s deficits were the result of two recent tax cuts, the recession, bailouts, wars, and the economic stimulus, Daily Signal argued that CBPP’s “methodology fails statistics 101.”⁵

Megan McArdle, then of The Atlantic, needled CBPP as well, calling the charts a “dog-whistle where we pick out the programs we don’t like and show that without them, things wouldn’t be so bad!” The publication noted CBPP labeled a large section of the deficit as “Bush-Era Tax Cuts” when, in reality, the effect of those cuts would be much smaller.⁶

CBPP was a major contributor to and supporter of President Barack Obama’s healthcare plan.⁷ “As the principal organization focused both on extending coverage to the uninsured and finding ways to pay for health reform, the Center helped shape many of the laws’ provisions,” the website Guidestar reported.⁸

CBPP opposed the George W. Bush administration’s tax cuts in 2001, but later worked to make sure more low-income families could take advantage of the expanded child-care tax credit.⁹ CBPP also opposed President Bill Clinton’s efforts to enact bipartisan welfare reform, predicting 1 million Americans would become impoverished.¹⁰ The predictions largely did not come to pass, and poverty rates fell after the law’s enactment.¹¹

CBPP has tangled with right-leaning American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), arguing that ALEC’s annual “Rich States, Poor States” report on state-by-state economic freedom pushes policies that benefit businesses and investors at the expense of middle- and lower-income earners. ALEC countered that the economic opportunity offered by low-tax and limited-government policies better enables those earners to find good jobs or open their own businesses. “In numerous studies, the consensus of academic experts shows that economic opportunity is best advanced by a competitive tax policy and an efficient government that provides core public services — not a high-tax, ever-growing government,” ALEC wrote in its criticism of CBPP.¹²

People

Robert Greenstein founded CBPP in 1981 and serves as its president. He previously served as administrator of the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) at the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Democratic President Jimmy Carter. That service operates such federal food assistance programs as food stamps and school lunch programs.¹³

Greenstein helped form the Food Stamp Act of 1977, which is often considered the Carter administration’s top anti-poverty achievement. That act eliminated a requirement that participants purchase the stamps, established a uniform national standard for eligibility, and expanded the program to more minority communities.¹⁴

Clinton appointed Greenstein to serve on the Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform in 1994. Greenstein also led the federal budget policy component on President Obama’s transition team following his election as president.¹⁵

Greenstein received a total compensation package of $220,752 from the organization in 2014.¹⁶

David de Ferranti serves as the president of the board of directors. He founded the Results for Development Institute in 2008, a group that works with partners in more than 55 countries to combat poverty.¹⁷ He worked under Greenstein at FNS, serving as associate administrator and director of policy, planning, and evaluation.¹⁸ He also spent 25 years at World Bank, serving as the bank’s regional vice president for Latin America and the Caribbean for several years.¹⁹

Funding

As a 501(c)3, CBPP is not required to reveal its donors, but reports reveal some of those who give to the organization. That includes a document leak in 2014 that showed the Democracy Alliance, which coordinates grants for nearly 100 progressive organizations, contributes to CBPP.²⁰

Several foundations have also donated to CBPP over the years, including the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.²¹

CBPP reports granting money to a wide variety of state-based organizations supporting the progressive cause, including the American Immigration Council, California Budget Project, Kansas Action for Children, and Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center.²²

According to forms filed with the Department of Labor, in 2015 CBPP received funds from the AFL-CIO, Change to Win, and Unite Here Local 25.²³

CBPP reported $49,753,529 in revenue on its IRS Form 990 in 2014, and expenses totaling $30,948,012.²⁴

On its IRS Form 990 in 2016, CBPP reported $51,393,953 in revenue and expenses totaling $28,721,352.²⁵

1. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. About the Center page. Accessed November 30, 2016. http://www.cbpp.org/about/mission-history
2. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. About the Center page. Accessed November 30, 2016. http://www.cbpp.org/about/mission-history
3. State Priorities Partnership: About page. Accessed December 1, 2016  http://statepriorities.org/about/
4. Callahan, David. “Will Atlantic’s Big Bet on the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities Pay Off?” Inside Philanthropy. July 30, 2014. Accessed March 21, 2017. https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2014/7/30/will-atlantics-big-bet-on-the-center-for-budget-and-policy-p.html
5. Riedl, Brian. “Liberal Think Tank Fails Statistics.” May 13, 2011. Accessed December 2, 2016 http://dailysignal.com/2011/05/13/liberal-think-tank-fails-statistics/
6. McArdle, Megan. “The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Thinks We’re Still in the Bush Era.” July 12, 2011. Accessed December 2, 2016. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/07/the-center-on-budget-and-policy-priorities-thinks-were-still-in-the-bush-era/241805/
7. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. About the Center page. Accessed November 30, 2016. http://www.cbpp.org/about/mission-history
8. Guidestar: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities profile. Accessed December 4, 2016. http://www.guidestar.org/profile/52-1234565
9. Pearlstein, Steven. “A Powerhouse for the Poor.” May 4, 2007. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/03/AR2007050302036.html
10. Pearlstein, Steven. “A Powerhouse for the Poor.” May 4, 2007. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/03/AR2007050302036.html

11. Dwyer, Paula. “Mend, Don’t End, Welfare Reform.” Bloomberg.com. July 25, 2016. Accessed March 21, 2017. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-07-25/clinton-can-defend-her-husband-s-welfare-reform
12. “Center on Budget and Policy Priorities: Long On Opinion, Short On Research.” February 20, 2013. Accessed December 2, 2016. https://www.alec.org/article/center-on-budget-and-policy-priorities-long-on-opinion-short-on-research/
13. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities: Robert Greenstein biography. Accessed December 4, 2016. http://www.cbpp.org/robert-greenstein
14. Snap to Health: The History of SNAP. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.snaptohealth.org/snap/the-history-of-snap/
15. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities: Robert Greenstein biography. Accessed December 4, 2016. http://www.cbpp.org/robert-greenstein
16. Guidestar: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities IRS 990 form. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/521/234/2014-521234565-0be6481f-9.pdf
17. Results For Development: Who We Are. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.r4d.org/about-us
18. LinkedIn: David de Ferranti profile. Accessed December 5, 2016. https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-de-ferranti-20108934
19. Results For Development: David de Ferranti bio. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.r4d.org/david-de-ferranti
20. Prokop, Andrew. “The Democracy Alliance: How a secretive group of donors helps set the progressive agenda.” Vox. November 24, 2014. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.vox.com/2014/11/24/7274819/democracy-alliance
21. Pearlstein, Steven. “A Powerhouse for the Poor.” May 4, 2007. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/03/AR2007050302036.html
22. Guidestar: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities IRS 990 form. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/521/234/2014-521234565-0be6481f-9.pdf
23. Author’s analysis of query returns from the Office of Labor-Management Standards Payer/Payee query tool of the OLMS database of Annual Reports of a Labor Organization (Form LM-2). Queries conducted March 21, 2017.
24. Guidestar: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities IRS 990 form. Accessed December 5, 2016. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/521/234/2014-521234565-0be6481f-9.pdf
25. 2016. Guidestar.org. Accessed April 13, 2018. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2016/521/234/2016-521234565-0eba867d-9.pdfCenter on Budget and Policy Priorities, Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax (Form 990), 2016