The National Education Association (NEA) is America’s largest labor union representing nearly three million employees, principally teachers. With affiliates in every state across 14,000 communities 1, NEA represents teachers, education support professionals, retired teachers, education faculty and staff, substitute teachers, and administrators.2 It exercises enormous political clout in everything from contract negotiations to issue advocacy and lobbying.3
The NEA is a major political player, with its associated political action committees contributing nearly $143.5 million to federal candidates and committees—97% of which supported Democrats and liberals—from 1990 through February 2019. 4 The NEA is also deeply entangled in state and local politics and is a major contributor to left-of-center nonprofit organizations.5
Organizational Overview
Creation
NEA was founded in 1857 as the National Teachers Association (NTA) when 43 educators met in Philadelphia in order to advocate for public education.6 It changed its name to the National Education Association in 1870.7 Zalmond Richards—founder of Union Academy in Washington, D.C. and a faculty member at Columbian College, now known as George Washington University—became NEA’s first president.8 Since then, NEA has grown to represent close to 2.95 million as of 2015, a decline from the union’s peak membership in 2008-2010.9
Early Issue Advocacy
NEA has a long history of issue advocacy, beginning with support for the Morrill Act of 1862, which supported land-grant colleges and the creation of public state universities.10 In 1867, NEA successfully lobbied Congress to create the first Department of Education,11 which was almost solely devoted to collecting information to help states create public school systems.12 In 1866, the NEA opened it’s membership to women.
NEA continued to gain political victories in the 20th century as it began to promote state pension plans in 1923. By 1950, every state had a pension plan.13 By the mid 20th century, NEA was advocating for more controversial policies, such as advocating for the Bilingual Education Act, providing federal funding for the development and implementation of bilingual education programs, in 1968.14
Over the intervening century from founding to 1957, NEA grew from its original 43 to 700,000 members.15 A mere two years after its Centennial, NEA won one of its largest victories: Wisconsin became the first state to allow collective bargaining for public-sector unions.16 This controversial practice allows public-employee unions to negotiate with the very people they support for election to office, tilting the balance of power in negotiations greatly in the favor of unions.
Modern Advocacy
More recently, NEA was one of the primary advocates against the appointment of education reformer Betsy DeVos as President Donald Trump’s Secretary of Education, urging senators to vote against the school choice advocate because she was “more than unqualified” and “an actual danger to students,” according to NEA president Lily Eskelen Garcia.17
NEA is located in Washington D.C., employing over 700 people in the nation’s capital alone.18 The average employee at NEA is compensated nearly $100,000 per year, with top employees earning salaries of over $400,000.19
NEA also produces at least seven publications, including NEAToday.org, Higher Education Advocate, and the NEA Almanac of Higher Education.20
Political Activity
NEA gives generously to Democratic political campaigns as well as various left-of-center organizations. This trend to active engagement in politics increased rapidly after the 1960s as states began requiring school districts to collectively bargain with NEA and other unions. From 1980-1994 alone, NEA increased it’s donations to congressional candidates from $4,000 to $3.7 million.21
2020 General Election
The NEA donated over $6 million during the 2020 election cycle, with $873,849 donated to the campaigns of Democratic candidates running and over $5.1 million donated to campaign against Republicans running in the election. 22
2016 General Election
During the 2016 election cycle, NEA gave over $2.6 million to members running for election in the Democratic and Republican parties, giving over 86% of that amount to Democrats. NEA gave $2.2 million to PACs.23 Top recipients of NEA money during the 2016 cycle were:24
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton ($107,561)
Democratic presidential primary contender Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont ($20,085)
Democratic Senate candidate Chris Van Hollen of Maryland ($18,740)
Democratic Senate candidate Ted Strickland of Ohio ($16,715)
Democratic Senate candidate Russ Feingold of Wisconsin ($13,770)
Democratic House candidate Denise Juneau of Montana ($16,595)
Democratic House candidate Pramila Jayapal of Washington ($12,950)
Democratic House candidate Lon Johnson of Michigan ($11,800)
Democratic Senate candidate Kamala Haris of California ($11,475)
Democratic Senate candidate Catherine Cortez Masto of Nevada ($11,428)
Democratic House candidate Emily Cain of Maine ($11,100)
NEA also sent tens of millions of dollars to political action committees, or PACs, including over $68 million to NEA’s PAC, $4.7 million to the NEA Advocacy Fund, and $2.1 million to the California Teachers Association.25
2012 General Election
In the 2012 election, NEA gave $61,577 to elect Barack Obama for president over his rival Mitt Romney. NEA also spent $19,000 on House candidate Kathleen Hochul (D-N.Y.), $17,080 on Senate candidate Tammy Baldwin (D-Wisconsin), and $16,000 on House candidate Derek Kilmer (D-Washington), among many others. 26 In recent years, NEA has also thrown its weight for and against multiple state ballot measures, most commonly to support increasing the minimum wage, to reject teacher performance evaluations, or to block repealing taxes. 27
Other Political Spending
Through its grant program and in its political contributions, NEA gives money to various left-of-center organizations, including: 28
UnidosUS (formerly the National Council of La Raza)
Congressional Black Caucus Institute
Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute
NEA has also given to a few right-of-center organizations, including the Republican-aligned Ripon Society 29 and the moderate Republican Main Street Partnership. 30
Teacher Strike Fund
At the National Education Association’s 2018 representative assembly, delegates voted to create a fund to support teacher strikes in response to six statewide teacher strikes in West Virginia, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Colorado, Arizona, and North Carolina. This fund was established through individual donations from members of the NEA.31
Positions
NEA advocates for a wide array of left-of-center positions on education and other political issues.
Critical Race Theory
In July 2021, the NEA’s Representative Assembly passed a resolution encouraging the organization to “oppose attempts to ban critical race theory and/or The 1619 Project.” 32 It also expressed support for a rally on George Floyd’s birthday by the Zinn Education Project, a nonprofit that promotes the teachings of socialist activist Howard Zinn. 3334 Another resolution asked the NEA to fund opposition research on organizations “attacking educators doing anti-racism work.” 35
The NEA is also a member of the Partnership for Future Learning, a network of over 300 progressive organizations, which supports critical race theory (CRT). 36 The Partnership has released a messaging guide that describes ways to implement CRT. 37 A section titled “Reframing the Issue” asks teachers to downplay fears that “CRT inflicts emotional and psychological harm” on white children and shift towards emphasizing how diversity makes the U.S. stronger. 38
The messaging guide also criticizes conservative opponents of CRT, claiming that “coordinated efforts to control curriculum come from aggressive right-wing instigators.” 39 An attached resource guide from left-leaning activist group We Make The Future describes CRT opponents as “grifters who have peddled lies about our [2020 presidential] election.” 40
In 2021, a report card of various educational contractors and consultants was released by Parents Defending Education (PDE). The report listed consultants and organizations that work with schools and encourage them to implement Critical Race Theory and diversity, equity, and inclusion curriculums and policies. The report named the NEA as an organization supporting Critical Race Theory, and discussed the NEA’s decision in 2021 to allocate funds for the purpose of investigating parent groups and policy makers that opposed teaching Critical Race Theory in public schools. The report cited the NEA’s spending approvals for 2021 which included roughly $7.5 million for training union members to advocate for “racial and social justice” in the classroom, and “$32.9 million to elect union-friendly candidates, engage members ahead of the 2022 midterms, and ‘develop and utilize strategic research to shape debate in states about education funding, taxes, and revenue.’” 41
School Vouchers and Charter Schools
NEA has been a long time and vocal opponent of school vouchers used to help low-income students afford schools outside of their traditional district school. NEA claims that vouchers “reject students based on economic status, academic achievement, disability, or even gender.”42 NEA also claims that vouchers “divert essential resources from public schools to private and religious schools, while offering no real ‘choice’ for the overwhelming majority of students.”43
NEA has also taken a stand critical of charter schools, saying they have “weak regulation and lax oversight” which should be of “major concern to students, parents, taxpayer, and communities.”44
Other Issues
NEA has taken positions on issues both directly and indirectly related to education. It has supported public child nutrition programs,45 offered qualified support for the Common Core State Standards,46 and opposes voucher legislation.47 However, NEA has also taken stances on issue with little to no relation to education. For example, NEA supports a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants,48 supports Obamacare,49 opposed the nomination of Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court,50 and supports barring people on the secret federal “no fly” list from being able to purchase guns with legislation that lacked proper due process protections.51
Controversies
9/11 Terrorism
After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, NEA issued guidelines on how teachers should discuss the attacks, urging teachers to show students how America had mistreated other people and nations, stressing the need for children to be tolerant of other cultures, and stating that teachers should not “suggest that any group [was] responsible” for 9/11. Instead, they urged teachers to have students “discuss historical instances of American intolerance.”52 Public outcry over the guidelines ensued, with Jan La Rue of Concerned Women of America saying, “It’s got their political spin all over it. The sentiment is what is wrong with America.”53
ACORN Donations
Also see ACORN (Defunct Nonprofit)
NEA also donated heavily to the now-defunct progressive community organizing group Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN). From 2006-2008, NEA donated nearly $400,000 to a group that was accused of voter fraud, advising on how to dodge taxes, and more. NEA was later forced to retract support for ACORN, as then-president Dennis Van Roekel stated NEA was “stunned and appalled” by the “inexcusable actions.”54
Overt Democratic Party Activism
In a May 18 article in the Washington Post, American Political Science Association congressional fellow Chris Baylor stated that teachers unions such as the NEA and the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) “don’t increase teacher salaries. . . . But teachers’ unions do accomplish something politically notable: They are a vital part of liberal coalitions and the Democratic Party.”
Baylor argued that “when public-sector [e.g. teachers] unions lose power, so do liberal and Democratic causes.” Teachers unions have played a dominant role in the Democratic Party and its allies since the 1970s. “From early on,” Baylor said, “the NEA aimed to lead the liberal coalition. . . . [S]ince 1990, the AFT has been one of the top 10 contributors to federal campaigns in five election cycles, and NEA has been one of the top five contributors in seven.” 55
Financial Information
Revenues
NEA is predominantly funded by member dues and “agency fees” paid by teachers obligated to be represented by the union in non-right-to-work states. 56 At least in previous years, NEA has received in more in dues than the Service Employees International Union (SEIU).57
As of 2020, NEA reported total assets of over $411 million, income of over $390 million, and expenses at over $377 million. Roughly $369 million of the NEA’s income came from NEA membership dues; the rest came from areas including loan repayments, interest, dividends, rents, reinvestment, and Investment. 58
State Affiliate Grants
NEA distributes gifts and grants each year predominantly to its statewide affiliates, such as the California Teachers Association, which has received the largest sum ($10,599,007).59
Affiliates
NEA Foundation
Also see NEA Foundation (Nonprofit)
The NEA Foundation is NEA’s affiliated 501(c)(3) charitable arm, which itself offers grants and awards funded from teacher dues, corporate sponsors, foundations, and other donors. The NEA Foundation was founded in 196960 and has given “more than $7.1 million to fund nearly 4,500 grants to public school educators.”61 NEA President Lily Eskelen Garcia also sits on the board of directors of the NEA Foundation along with individuals from organizations as diverse as Howard University to the BET Networks to Amazon.62
The President and CEO of the NEA Foundation is Harriet Sanford, who has headed the organization since 2005. She began her career as a public school teacher, eventually becoming a major fundraiser for nonprofits.63
The NEA Foundation has received over $75,000 from big-name donors like AT&T, Bank of America, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The NEA Foundation has also received tens of thousands of dollars from the BET Networks, Southwest Airlines, Prudential Insurance Company of America, and more.64
The NEA Foundation also awards grants of up to $5,000 to NEA members to support professional development and academic achievement.65 Other state teacher associations received over $2 million from NEA, including those in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsyvlania, Washignton, New Jersey, Texas, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Alabama.66
NEA Advocacy Fund
Also see NEA Advocacy Fund (527 PAC)
The NEA Advocacy Fund is the National Education Association’s 527 political action committee. It was created in 2010, and has received millions of dollars in donations from the NEA, its primary funder. In the 2014 election cycle, the NEA Advocacy Fund received $21.8 million and gave $20.9 million, mostly to other political action committees and the national Democratic Party. In the 2016 election cycle, it raised $18.2 million and spent $18.7 million, mostly on donations to other political action committees and broadcast advertisement.67
People
President
Becky Pringle is the president of the NEA, as of 2022. 68 She previously worked as a middle school teacher, 69 and was a member of the Board of Directors for the Pennsylvania State Education Association before moving to NEA. She spent six years as NEA’s secretary-treasurer before becoming NEA’s vice president, and would be elected as president in 2020. 70 71 72
In 2014, President Barack Obama appointed Pringle to the President’s Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for African Americans.73 She earns a salary of $371,278.74
Vice President
Princess R. Moss is the vice-president of the NEA as of 2022. 75 Moss previously served as the Secretary-Treasurer of the NEA before being elected to Vice-President in 2020. 76 She is a former president of the Virginia Education Association 77 and in 2006 was appointed by then-Virgina Governor Tim Kaine to work in the Virgina State’s P-16 Education Council. She also served on the Executive Committee of nonprofit organization Foundation for Virginia. 78
Secretary-Treasurer
Noel Candelaria is the Secretary Treasurer of the NEA as of 2022. Elected to his position in 2020, he previously served as both vice-president and later president of the Texas State Teachers Association (TSTA), as well as president of the Ysleta Teachers Association (YTA). 79
Executive Director
Kim A. Anderson is the Executive Director of the NEA as of 2022. Elected to her position in 2019, she previously worked at the NEA for over 15 years, including time as senior director of the NEA’s Center for Advocacy & Outreach as well as leading the NEA’s government relations division. 80 Prior to the NEA, she served as executive vice-president of Democracy Alliance, worked as both deputy legislative director and legal counsel to former Virginia Senator Sen. Charles Robb (D-VA), and previously worked for the Central Committee of the Democratic Party of Virginia. 81
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