Teach for America (TFA) is a teacher placement and training organization founded in 1990 by Wendy Kopp. TFA trains highly ranked undergraduate students in universities to teach in schools for a two-year period.

TFA strategically places its teaching staff, known as “corps members,” in poorly funded schools for two-year periods. Historically, TFA’s approach to quality education focused primarily on quality teachers, accountability, and measurable assessments of academic rigor.

TFA has been criticized for a distinct shift from a cross-ideological policy of support for excellence in education toward prioritizing left-of-center ideological values. In the past, TFA was a strong and visible supporter of charter schools, an education reform policy that earned the group support from mainstream Democrats and Republicans alike; in recent years and under new executive director Elisa Villanueva Beard, TFA’s advocacy has shifted toward full-spectrum left-of-center policy on educational and non-educational issues alike. ¹

Many TFA employees, including executive directors for statewide regions have been embroiled in scandals, arrested, or associated with violent left-wing groups.

Founding

TFA started its operations in 1990 with roughly 500 corps members in six regions² with support from businesses and the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a left-of-center foundation. ³

In 1994, the number of pupils under TFA teachers grew to 45,000, while operations grew to 51 regions in most states across the U.S. ⁴

By 2000, TFA had partnered with several public schools and organized a board to continue their expansion. In 2007, Wendy Kopp founded Teach for All along with Brett Wigdortz, which continues a similar mission on an international scale. Wigdortz is also founder and chief executive of Teach First, a similar organization that operates in England and Wales. ⁵

Today, TFA operates with approximately 60,000 corps members and active alumni combined, working as teachers, principals, state representatives, city council members, and school board members. ⁶ TFA made staff cuts in 2015 for the first time in its history, and again in 2016 when it was reported that 15 percent of staff would be laid off. This decrease coincided with a significant decrease in TFA applicants (57,000 in 2013 v. 37,000 in 2016) after coming under fire from teachers unions and other left-wing figures; some have speculated that the applicant decline contributed to the organization’s left-wing pivot. ⁷

Ideology

Educational Accountability

Historically, Teach For America aligned with what TFA alumnus and writer Sohrab Ahmari called “a simple but powerful idea: that teacher quality is the decisive factor in the educational outcomes produced by schools.” ⁸ Teachers unions targeted TFA for its support of education reforms and teacher accountability, with Karen Lewis, the radical then-president of the Chicago Teachers Union, suggesting that TFA’s “policies [. . .] kill and disenfranchise children.” ⁹

The 2000s through the early 2010s were characterized by a strong cross-ideological approach to education reform through teacher accountability; conservative figures offered TFA marked support. ¹⁰ Conservative education reformers such as Anne Wicks, the director of education reform at the George W. Bush Institute, were often past TFA corps members. Then-First Lady Laura Bush spoke at several schools in support of TFA between 2001 and 2003. ^{11 12 13} Senate Majority leader Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) publicly supported TFA’s Kentucky chapter as well. ¹⁴

Immigration

TFA has actively recruited immigrants under the protection of DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) status created to provide legal status to certain illegal immigrants by the Obama administration since 2013. The organization’s “Immigrant Network” praises the contributions of TFA-associated current or former illegal immigrants. ^{15 16}

After the election of President Donald Trump, Teach for America issued a statement making eleven “demands” of Education Secretary-designate Betsy DeVos and the incoming administration. Among the “demands” was a call to retain the DACA program established by the Obama administration without authorization from Congress. ¹⁷

Intersectionality

At the organization’s 25^th anniversary summit in Washington, Teach for America teachers and organization officials endorsed left-wing “intersectionality,” a theory that holds that relative and interlocking oppression of various identity groups should determine political action. A number of panels featured speeches by left-wing activists on identity-politics issues. ¹⁸

Then-President Barack Obama promoted Brittany Packnett, founder of TFA’s “The Collective” and executive director for Teach For America’s St. Louis region, to the Ferguson commission and to the“21^st century policing commission”; both commissions were geared toward identifying race and ethnicity as systemic law enforcement issues. ¹⁹

DeRay McKesson, a politician and activist who rose to prominence as a leader of the Black Lives Matter movement, is a Teach for America alumnus who spoke on a TFA panel titled “A Chorus of Voices: Building Power Together” at the 25^th anniversary event. ²⁰

Criticism and Controversies

Curriculum

Teach For America has endorsed left-wing ideologically aligned curriculum and teaching values, publishing blogs and advocating in favor of “culturally relevand pedagogy.” ²¹ The far-left teaching methods were also promoted at the 25^th anniversary event. ²²

Attacks on Conservatives

TFA has harshly criticized Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. DeVos is well known for supporting education policies in line with TFA’s historical positions in favor of teacher quality and accountability, including value-added teacher ratings to assess performance. ²³ As well, TFA and executive director Elisa Villanueva Beard criticized the Trump administration on social issues while the administration authorized to divert $20 billion toward greater school choice, which TFA historically supported. ²⁴ TFA’s official statement on the DeVos nomination made no mention of these shared values and was exclusively critical of the nomination. ²⁵

Funding

Although other reports previously identified donors from Teach For America’s website, it no longer publicly lists its donors. Between 2000 and 2013, TFA’s funding increased 1,930 percent. ²⁶ TFA received $45 million in government grants in 2017, according to tax records. ²⁷

The following organizations have made contributions of greater than $5 million to TFA in recent years. ²⁸

• The Walton Family Foundation
• Silicon Valley Community Foundation
• The Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation
• Robertson Foundation
• Laura and John Arnold Foundation

People

TFA lists its leadership positions on its website, including their National Board of Directors and National Advisory Board of The Collective. Wendy Kopp is the co-founder of TFA and current CEO of Teach for All, along with value investor Whitney Tilson; Douglas Shulman, IRS commissioner under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama; and Richard Barth, founder of the charter school network KIPP (and Kopp’s husband). Elisa Villanueva Beard has worked as TFA’s CEO since 2015; she joined TFA as a corps member in 1998. Wendy Kopp now serves on TFA’s board.

1. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 24, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
2. Parrott-Sheffer, Chelsey. “Teach for America.” Encyclopædia Britannica. June 28, 2014. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Teach-for-America.
3. Strauss, Valerie. “How Teach For America Became Powerful.” The Washington Post. October 22, 2012. Accessed April 26, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2012/10/22/how-teach-for-america-became-powerful-2/?utm_term=.02c2c3358934.
4. “Where We Work.” Teach for America. 2018. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/where-we-work
5. Wilby, Peter. “Teaching’s man with a mission to free young Britons from ‘slavery’.” The Guardian. October 29, 2012. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2012/oct/29/social-mobility-teach-first-programme
6. “What We Do.” Teach for America. 2018. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/what-we-do/history
7. Sohrab Ahmari “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary Magazine. October 2017. Accessed April 15, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/
8. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 24, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
9. Brennan, Patrick. “Chicago Teachers Union Head Karen Lewis: Teach for America Kills Students.” National Review. December 19, 2012. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/chicago-teachers-union-head-karen-lewis-teach-america-kills-students-patrick-brennan/.
10. Hess, Frederick M. “School Reform at a Crossroads.” National Review. October 01, 2015. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2015/10/19/school-reform-crossroads/.
11. “Mrs. Bush’s Remarks at Teach for America Event at Arizona State University.” The White House. 2003. Accessed April 15, 2019. https://www.bushcenter.org/explore-our-work/issues/education-reform.html
12. “Mrs. Bush’s Remarks at Teach for America in Mississippi.” The White House. 2002. Accessed April 17, 2019. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020925-8.html
13. “First Lady Laura Bush to Visit Occidental March 22.” Occidental College. March 12, 2001. Accessed April 17, 2019. https://www.oxy.edu/news/first-lady-laura-bush-visit-occidental-march-22x
14. “McConnell Assists Teach for America-Kentucky in its Efforts to Help Students.” Teach for America. May 10, 2014. Accessed April 10, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/press-room/press-releases/2014/mcconnell-assists-teach-america-kentucky-its-efforts-help-students
15. “The Leadership and Resilience of Our Immigrant Network.” Teach for America. 2018. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/stories/the-leadership-and-resilience-of-our-immigrant-network
16. “DACA Recipients.” Teach for America. 2018. Accessed April 2, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/how-to-join/eligibility/daca
17. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 24, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
18. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
19. “The Commission.” Forward Through Ferguson. 2015. Accessed April 2, 2019. https://forwardthroughferguson.org/report/executive-summary/the-commission/
20. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
21. Escudero, Barbara. “How to Practice Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.” Teach For America. January 6, 2019. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.teachforamerica.org/stories/how-to-engage-culturally-relevant-pedagogy.
22. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
23. Rubenstein, Gary. “TFA Makes a Statement on DeVos.” Gary Rubenstein’s blog. November 24, 2016. Accessed April 15 ,2019. https://garyrubinstein.wordpress.com/2016/11/24/tfa-makes-a-statement-on-devos/
24. Layton, Lyndsey. “Rapid Response Unit Aims to Counter Criticisms of Teach for America.” The Washington Post. December 12, 2015. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/rapid-response-unit-aims-to-counter-criticisms-of-teach-for-america/2015/12/12/9c16d24a-a049-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html?utm_term=.d080ce224595.
25. Ahmari, Sohrab. “How Teach for America Lost Its Way.” Commentary. October 2017. Accessed April 29, 2019. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/teach-america-lost-way/.
26. Heilig, J.V. & Jez, S.J. (2014). “Teach for America: A Return to the Evidence.” National Education Policy Center. Accessed April 1, 2019. https://nepc.colorado.edu/sites/default/files/tfa-return_0.pdf
27. Teach for America, Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax (Form 990), 2017, Part VIII line 1e
28. Data compiled by FoundationSearch.com subscription service, a project of Metasoft Systems, Inc., from forms filed with the IRS. Queries conducted April 29, 2019.