Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) is a left-of-center advocacy group focused on public integrity issues. It was previously part of the advocacy network organized by political strategist David Brock ¹

The organization has been recognized as having “played instrumental roles in building a stronger, more integrated progressive infrastructure” by the Democracy Alliance.² CREW has received funding from left-of-center foundations, including philanthropist George Soros’ Open Society Foundations and singer Barbra Streisand’s Streisand Foundation.³ Much of the organization’s activities have centered around opposing actions of both the first and second Trump administrations, and the group filed several lawsuits challenging administrative actions since the beginning of the second Trump administration in 2025. ^{4 5}

CREW has received criticism for the appearance of pay-for-play advocacy on behalf of for-profit universities. ⁶

Background

In 2001, several individuals affiliated with the Democratic Party operatives founded Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington as a rejoinder to right-leaning legal advocacy groups such as Judicial Watch, the Rutherford Institute and the National Legal and Policy Center. The organization’s founding directors were Louis Mayberg, a Democratic party donor and co-founder of the Maryland-based ProFund Advisors LLC; Daniel Berger, another Democratic party donor who in 2004 made a $100,000 contribution to America Coming Together; and Mark Penn, a fellow at the New Politics Institute and a Democratic strategist who worked on President Bill Clinton’s 1996 re-election campaign and on Hillary Clinton’s 2000 U.S. Senate campaign. Norman L. Eisen, another Democratic Party operative, played a role in the group’s 2001 founding, though he was not listed as a director. ⁷

When they initially conceived of CREW, both Eisen and Mayberg said that the organization was intended to even the playing field against conservative legal groups that had weakened the political position of President Clinton during the 1990s.⁸ Melanie Sloan, another longtime Democratic operative, was listed as the executive director on the 2013 tax return with an annual salary of $260,699. She is no longer with the organization. ⁹

Prior to joining CREW, Sloan worked as the nominations counsel for the Senate Judiciary Committee, chaired by then-Sen. Joe Biden (D-DE), in 1993. She was also counsel for the crime subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee under then-U.S. Representative Charles Schumer (D-NY) in 1994 and served as minority counsel for the House Judiciary Committee under Rep. John Conyers (D-MI) from 1995 to 1998. ¹⁰

Financial Support and Leadership Changes

In August 2014, political operative David Brock, founder of the media watchdog group Media Matters, was elected as CREW’s board chairman. Sloan then announced that she would resign once a new executive director was named. ¹¹ Noah Bookbinder, who previously served as a U.S. Department of Justice prosecutor and a chief counsel for the U.S. Senate’s Judiciary Committee, was tapped to become the new executive director in March 2015. ¹²

In December 2016, Brock announced that he would be stepping away from CREW’s board after sitting on it for two years. Norman Eisen, the Democratic attorney who helped co-found CREW in 2001, returned to the organization as the new board chairman after serving as a legal counsel for the Obama Administration and as U.S. Ambassador to the Czech Republic. ¹³

Since its inception, CREW has received financial support from several left-of-center foundations and organizations including the Arca Foundation, the David Geffen Foundation, Democracy Alliance, the Mayberg Family Charitable Foundation,  George Soros’s Open Society Foundations, the Sheller Family Foundation, the Streisand Foundation, the Tides Foundation, the Wallace Global Fund, and the Woodbury Fund. ⁷

CREW’s ties to late funder John Sperling, founder of the University of Phoenix, led to criticism in the early 2010s. CREW had engaged in aggressive attacks on critics of for-profit universities during debates on Obama administration student-aid rules that would hurt for-profit colleges like the University of Phoenix, leading some to speculate that they might be receiving funding from Sperling to engage in the hostile campaign.⁶ A subsequent analysis of tax returns found that Sperling’s Aurora Foundation had routed money into pass-through nonprofits associated with a Sacramento Democratic political consultancy that subsequently funded CREW.¹⁴

CREW does not reveal its donors, so funding sources for the organization cannot be easily confirmed. CREW faced additional criticism when former executive director Melanie Sloan announced her intention to join the public affairs firm of controversial lawyer and consigliere to the Clinton family Lanny Davis. Davis conducted advocacy on behalf of for-profit universities during the period CREW attacked the industry’s critics while allegedly receiving funds from Sperling. ¹⁵

Controversies

Focus on Republican Members

Critics have claimed Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington has focused its advocacy efforts against Republicans and other conservatives.¹⁶ An attorney who represents nonprofit groups said in an interview with The Hill that the obvious one-sided slant of CREW’s IRS complaints could potentially jeopardize the group’s standing. ¹⁷

In 2004, CREW circulated a letter to House members in an effort to identify someone willing to pursue ethics allegations against then-House Majority Leader Rep. Tom Delay (R-TX). CREW soon joined forces with former U.S. Representative Chris Bell (D-TX), who had lost an election in the Democratic primary. Sloan worked in concert with Bell to file an ethics complaint against Delay with the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. CREW’s role in this effort was in violation of House rules that said non-members could not file ethics complaints. The Committee dismissed Bell’s accusations against Delay. ⁷

An analysis by the Center for Organizational Research and Education suggested that CREW’s claimed impartiality was contrary to the facts through at least the first 18 months of the Obama administration. CREW filed 29 complaints with the Federal Election Commission in the period between March 2004 and September 2010. Breaking down these complaints, 76 percent were trained on Republicans and right-leaning groups, but a list of cases from the FEC shows only 40 percent of the civil penalties of $50,000 the agency levied since 1980 were actually against Republicans or Republican Party supporters. Additionally, all of CREW’s complaints to the IRS concerning 501(c) statuses as of 2010 targeted conservative groups. The IRS itself was much more even handed: Between 2005 and 2009 only half of the charitable organizations that had their tax-exempt status revoked by the IRS were connected with the right. ¹⁸

In 2024, CREW filed an ethics complaint against Senator Kyrsten Sinema (I-AZ), who had previously left the Democratic Party. The complaint concerned campaign spending after she announced she would not seek reelection in 2024. ¹⁹

Brock’s Clinton Family Ties

During David Brock’s tenure on the CREW board, the organization’s “Most Corrupt” and “Worst Governors” lists, which occasionally mentioned the misdeeds of Democrats, were discontinued. ²⁰

Brock’s close ties with the Clinton family and his own personal political agenda ultimately worked to undermine CREW’s ability to objectively investigate certain organizations. Bloomberg News reported that “Some former staffers say that Brock, who has moved into the vice chairman role, has pulled the watchdog into a partisan agenda and, in doing so, weakened its impact.” ²¹

Bloomberg News reported that this affected CREW’s interactions with Brock’s sponsors and allies in the Clinton family: “[CREW] walked away from a spat over Hillary Clinton’s treatment of e-mails as Secretary of State, even after a State Department Inspector General found that CREW’s public records request had been improperly denied.” ²⁰ CREW’s December 2012 Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the State Department inquiring about the former Secretary of State’s email records was discussed at length and the Inspector General determined that department staff members did not conduct a search for these records. ²²

Claims of Bias in Reporting Data

According to Federal Election Commission (FEC) data, CREW filed 54 complaints between March 2004 and September 2017, with 84%, were directed at conservative or right-leaning organizations. In addition, FEC data shows that only 41% of civil penalties of $50,000 or more applied by the FEC since 1980 were against Republican supporters or politicians. ²³

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data also shows that between October 2003 and September 2017, CREW had made 50 requests to the agency to investigate political members or organizations, with 49 of said requests against Republican-affiliated groups. ²³

Data from the U.S House of Representatives shows that between March 2004 to September 2017 CREW had filed up to 54 complaints or requests to investigate with the House Ethics Committee, but 80% of those complaints were against Republican members of the House whereas only 11% were against Democrats. In addition, since 1967, only 35% of House members disciplined by the Committee were Republicans and the remaining 65% were Democrats. ²³

Data from the Senate Ethics Committee shows that between June 2003 and September 2017, the Committee received 27 complaints or requests to investigate Senate members from CREW, with 85% of those filed against Republican members, 4% against Democratic members, and the remaining amount targeting both sides. Since 1967, however, only 3 Republican and 3 Democratic members of the Senate have been formally expelled or censured by the Committee. ²³

Data shows that between June 2003 and September 2017, CREW filed 97 requests for investigation to the U.S. Department of Justice, along with other federal and law enforcement agencies, including requests for disciplinary action by state bars and other professional licensors.  ²³ Of those requests, 76% were filed against Republican-affiliated groups or individuals, 9% were filed against Democrats, and the remaining were either nonpartisan or against both sides. ²³

According to former CREW executive director Melanie Sloan, the reason for the greater number of complaints filed against Republicans was due to them holding the majority for longer periods of time, therefore, “making them more prone to corruption.” ²³

Activities

First Trump Administration

In keeping with the agenda of its former board chairman David Brock, CREW was an aggressive opponent of the first Trump administration. Brock’s political and advocacy operation, which included CREW, declared an intention to spend upwards of $40 million to oppose the Trump administration in 2017. CREW was reported to be “a particular locus of activity.” ²⁴

Just a few weeks into President Trump’s administration, CREW filed an “open records request of all communication between White House Chief of Staff Reince Priebus and FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe and/or FBI Director James Comey concerning improper communication about the pending criminal investigation of Russia’s attempts to influence the 2016 election and links between Russian officials and associates of Donald Trump.” ²⁵

CREW has also called for investigations of President Donald Trump’s business and interests and potential conflicts of interest. The watchdog group claimed Trump’s business interests may violate the Emoluments Clause of the U.S. Constitution. ²⁶

CREW also filed complaints against Kellyanne Conway, counselor to the president. Conway’s apparent endorsement of Ivanka Trump’s products violated federal ethics regulations, according to a complaint CREW filed with the Office of Government Ethics and White House Counsel’s Office. ²⁷

In 2020, CREW co-signed a letter led by the left-of-center Campaign Legal Center addressed to President Donald Trump which advocated for hiring Federal Election Commission (FEC) Commissioners to reach quorum and to enforce election laws. ²⁸

“For the People Act”

In 2019, Norman Eisen, former chair of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) and former US ambassador to the Czech Republic, and Fred Wertheimer, founder and president of Democracy 21, wrote an op-ed for Politico together entitled “How to Fix America’s Broken Political System.” ²⁹

The article discusses the introduction the proposed For the People Act (then numbered H.R. 1) in the House of Representatives in 2019. The bill, backed by House Democrats, would address election security, establish standards for election vendors, provide assistance to states to protect their election systems, and enhance federal initiatives to respond to threats to election systems. ³⁰

Biden Administration

In July 2022, Then-U.S. Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) and Rep. Bennie Thompson (D-MS) called for Department of Homeland Security Inspector General and Trump administration appointee Joseph Cuffari to step down from his position over claims that he had known about the deletion of text messages from agents’ phones around the time of the January 6th riot at the U.S Capitol several months earlier than he had admitted during congressional briefings. ³¹ According to the inspector general’s office, Cuffari had been aware of the deleted text messages by December 2021, which was roughly two months earlier than he had admitted in February 2022. At the time, in July 2022, CREW had asked for the Justice Department and the FBI to open a criminal investigation into the deleted text messages, with CREW senior vice president and chief counsel Donald K. Sherman admitting in a statement, “The Federal Records Act requires that agencies like the Secret Service preserve records so that there is a complete and accurate history of the government’s actions and decisions.” ³¹

In November 2022, CREW had asked for the resignation of former U.S Capitol Architect and Trump appointee J. Brett Blanton after an Inspector General report claimed that Blanton had “violated every pillar the OIG operates under including theft, fraud, waste, and abuse against not only the [office of the Architect of the Capitol] but also the taxpayer.” ³²

In a statement released, CREW Senior Vice President and Chief Counsel Donald K. Sherman claimed that the report, “warrant[s] the Architect of the Capitol’s removal from his position…[and] demonstrate[s] [Blanton’s] unfitness to serve and to meet the challenges facing that office given the reality of these threats.” ³² Blanton would be removed from his position by the Biden administration in February 2023. ^{32 33}

On November 3, 2022, CREW released a letter signed by its president Noah Bookbinder to then-former president Donald Trump claiming that should he run for office again CREW would pursue legal action to disqualify those efforts. According to the letter, the organization would base its attempts around Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, prohibits a person from holding a federal office should they “have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof.” ^{34 35} The letter continued by stating, “The evidence that Trump engaged in insurrection is overwhelming…We are ready, willing and able to take action to make sure the Constitution is upheld and Trump is prevented from holding office.” ³⁴

In March 2023, CREW president Noah Bookbinder released a statement reacting to former president Donald Trump’s indictment in New York state. He stated that, “Donald Trump was the most corrupt president in American history. He was the first president to be impeached twice, and now he’s the first former president to be criminally indicted.” ³⁶

In May 2023, CREW sent a letter to Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas calling for him to resign from his position due to claims of corruption and ethical failings. CREW president Noah Bookbinder stated that Thomas demonstrated, “a long-standing pattern of conduct to accept and conceal gifts and other benefits received from Harlan Crow, a billionaire political activist,” ³⁷ while failing to, “recuse yourself from cases in which you have a personal or financial conflict of interest. Your conduct has likely violated civil and criminal laws and has created the impression that access to and influence over Supreme Court justices is for sale.” ³⁷ The letter also claimed that Thomas failed to recuse himself from “Supreme Court cases relating to the 2020 election, despite your wife’s active support of and communications with Trump administration officials about former President Donald Trump’s unprecedented efforts to overturn the 2020 election.” ³⁷

In June 2023, CREW published a report claiming that during his term, former President Donald Trump made over $82 million from his properties in Ireland and Scotland. ³⁸ CREW’s report claimed that Trump mixed “personal financial interests with the national interests of the United States…[taking] every chance he got as president to promote them through stays footed by U.S. taxpayers and relentless promotion to the media.”  ³⁸

In February 2024, it was reported that CREW had hired BerlinRosen after bringing the disqualification case against former president Donald Trump before the Colorado Supreme Court resulting in Trump’s name being provisionally removed from the state’s 2024 Republican primary ballot. According to an interview by BerlinRosen Vice President Caitlyn McNamee, the firm was hired by CREW to “Correct the record” surrounding media attention that portrayed the campaign as an “Anti-democratic and partisan effort.” ^{39 40} In addition, McNamee stated that they specifically targeted media and audiences that had “Influence within the court” in order to reshape the campaign as a bipartisan effort. ⁴¹ The U.S Supreme Court later unanimously reversed the Colorado Supreme Court’s ruling. ⁴²

CREW is a member of the Not Above the Law Coalition that supported the indictment of Donald Trump on federal charges related to document retention and other supporting other criminal charges against the then-former president. Members of the coalition include Common Cause, Daily Kos, Defend Democracy Action Project, Greenpeace USA, Indivisible, J Street, League of Conservation Voters, MoveOn, NextGen America, Our Revolution, People For the American Way, People Power United, Public Citizen, Public Wise, Secure Elections Network, Sierra Club, Stand Up America, Wisconsin Democracy Campaign, and The Workers Circle. ⁴³

In 2024, CREW, along with Jeremy Fogel, a retired federal judge, called on the Supreme Court to institute an ethics panel. According to the group, “The panel proposed by CREW and Judge Fogel would consist of retired federal judges, who would provide the justices with confidential advice as to recusals and other significant ethical questions.” ⁴⁴

Second Trump Administration

Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington has initiated dozens of legal actions, complaints, and other activities since Donald Trump was elected president for the second time in 2024. During the 2024 election, CREW sued in a case that went to the Supreme Court seeking to bar Trump from the ballot in Colorado. ⁴⁵

The group claimed that Trump “has already proven himself to be the most corrupt president in American history.” ⁴⁵

Eight days after Trump’s second inauguration, CREW and Democracy Forward sued on behalf of Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, seeking to reverse the Trump administration’s executive order allowing for the President to more easily lay off federal employees. ⁴⁶

The group also sued the Trump administration’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) over an alleged lack of transparency and raised complaints over the administration’s deletion of public law enforcement databases. ^{46 47}

CREW also released statements either outright opposing or raising concerns about the nominations of most of Trump’s senior administration appointments, including FBI Director Kash Patel, Attorney General Pam Bondi, Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, and EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin. ⁴⁸

The group also opposed an executive order that “would increase penalties for petty crimes and mandate the clearing of homeless encampments, among other actions” in Washington, D.C. CREW argued the measure was an opportunity to call for D.C. statehood. ⁴⁹

In April 2025, CREW sued the Trump administration over the closure of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s entire Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) office, stating that “CREW’s requests seek information related to the shuttering of the office and DOGE’s involvement, as well as records regarding a recent report that the CDC allegedly suppressed an expert assessment about measles vaccination.” ⁵⁰

Leadership

Noah Bookbinder is the president and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for CREW since 2021. He previously served as the Executive Director of Crew from 2015 through 2021. Prior to working at CREW, he served as director of the Office of Legislative and Public Affairs at the United States Sentencing Commission from 2013 to 2015, Chief Counsel for Criminal Justice for the United States Senate Judiciary Committee from 2005 to 2013, and a Trial Attorney for the United States Department of Justice’s Public Integrity Section from 1999 through 2005. ^{51 52}

Melanie Sloan, CREW’s founding executive director, left the organization in 2014 to form the public affairs firm Triumph Strategy with ProgressNow founder Michael Huttner. ^{53 54}

Donald K. Sherman is the senior vice president and chief counsel for CREW, as of June 2023. He previously worked as CREW’s deputy director. Before CREW, Sherman served in several government positions such as, “Special Assistant to the President for Racial and Economic Justice at the White House, Senior Counsel to Ranking Member Claire McCaskill on the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee and Chief Oversight Counsel to the late Rep. Elijah Cummings, then-Ranking Member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.” ⁵¹ Prior to this, he was also, “the Chief of Staff and Senior Counsel for Oversight and Investigations in the Office of General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).” ⁵¹ In addition, he formerly served as counsel for the House Ethics Committee. Before working within the government, he practiced at the D.C. office of law firm Crowell & Moring, LLP and served as a law clerk to Judge Neil E. Kravitz of the District of Columbia Superior Court ⁵¹

Matt Corley is the chief investigator for CREW, as of June 2023. Prior to joining CREW, Corley worked as assistant editor at the Center for American Progress, where he wrote for ThinkProgress and the Progress Report. ⁵¹

Jordan Libowitz is the Communications Director for CREW, as of 2023. Prior to CREW, he worked on campaigns and was an organizer for the Alaska Democratic Party. Beforehand, he headed a nonprofit-focused communications consulting firm. ^{55 56 51 51}

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