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Person

Patricia Stryker

Image credit: Ballotpedia
Occupation:

Democratic Donor

Philanthropist

Founder, Bohemian Foundation

Co-Founder, Colorado Democracy Alliance 1

Member, Democracy Alliance

References

  1. Fender, Jessica. “Progressive Gang Uses Nonprofits To Push Politics.” Denver Post. October 5, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2008/10/05/progressive-gang-uses-nonprofits-to-push-politics/
Est. Net Worth:

$4.68 Billion
Residence:

Fort Collins, CO 1

References

  1. Devereaux, Brad. “Stryker Siblings, Corporation’s Former CEO On Forbes Billionaires List.” MLive. March 25, 2017. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2017/03/stryker_siblings_former_ceo_on.html

Patricia “Pat” Stryker is a billionaire heiress from Colorado. 1 In recent years Stryker has been one of the nation’s top political donors, giving more than $11 million to Democratic political candidates and liberal issue committees. 2 3

From 2004 through 2008, Stryker was one of four Democratic mega-donors who spent millions of dollars on Democratic campaign operations in Colorado through state political committees. 4 During the 2004 campaign cycle and those that followed, Stryker’s efforts were instrumental in helping the Colorado Democratic Party take both chambers in the state legislature5 as well as the Colorado Governorship. 6 Stryker was a founding board member of the Colorado Democracy Alliance and was has been a member of the national Democracy Alliance since its beginning in 2005. 7 8

In 2010 a private environmental startup company in which Stryker’s Bohemian Companies had invested, Abound Solar, received a $400 million loan guarantee from the Obama administration funded by the 2010 “stimulus,” the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. 9 10 By the end of 2012 Abound had laid off 200 employees and filed for bankruptcy. 11 12

Background

Family History

Pat Stryker is the granddaughter of and an heir to the fortune of Homer Stryker, founder of the medical device company Stryker Corporation. 13 Beginning in 1988, Pat and her two siblings, Jon Stryker and Rhonda Stryker, jointly controlled a huge bloc of Stryker stock for more than 30 years. 14 15 Stryker Corporation sold $12 billion in medical equipment and software in 2017. 16

Since 1993, Pat Stryker has sold $1.3 billion in Stryker stock and currently owns less than 5% of the company.  She is not currently involved in the company’s operations. 17

Pat Stryker ranked 354th on the Forbes 400 list of billionaires as of December 7, 2016, with a net worth of $2.6 billion. 18 According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, Styker’s current net worth is $4.68 billion, a number Stryker’s spokesperson disputed. 19

Personal Life

Patricia Stryker was born in Michigan and now lives in Fort Collins, Colorado. 20

She has three children and was previously married to Tommy Short. 21 Stryker dropped out of the University of Northern Colorado. 22 In 2011 Colorado State University awarded Stryker an honorary doctorate in recognition of her philanthropic contributions, including more than $30 million in contributions to CSU. 23

Stryker is chairman and owner of the Bohemian Companies, a $1.5 billion investment company located in Fort Collins with investments in real estate, technology, and financial services. 24 25 Stryker has used the company to buy and redevelop many of the buildings in downtown Fort Collins. 26 Bohemian Companies has also entered into cost-sharing agreements with the City of Fort Collins to construct a private parking structure in the city. 27

Abound Solar

Pat Stryker’s Bohemian Companies was the primary private investor in the environmental startup company Abound Solar. Between 2008 and 2010, Bohemian invested at least $214 million in the company. 28 29

In 2010 President Obama announced that the U.S. Department of Energy would guarantee a $400 million loan to Abound Solar funded by the 2010 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. 30

Abound Solar received the federal loan in spite of a poor investment rating from the Fitch ratings company, “meaning it had a ‘junk’ bond rating” and was a “highly speculative” investment. 31

In March 2012, Abound Solar reported that it would lay off 200 employees. 32 Then in June 2012, Abound Solar filed for bankruptcy. 33

The Daily Signal wrote that Stryker’s investment in Abound Solar “is particularly noteworthy, given her extensive ties to Democratic causes and politicians, including President Obama.” 34 Similarly, the Sunlight Foundation noted, “one of Abound Solar’s key investors [Stryker] is an Obama fund-raiser.” According to the Sunlight Foundation, Stryker donated $50,000 to Obama’s 2008 inauguration, bundled another $87,000 for that inauguration, and gave $35,800 to the Obama Victory Fund. 35

Between October 2009 and December 2010, Pat Stryker visited the White House three times, including at least one meeting in the West Wing. 36 37

Federal Political Activism

In 2008, Pat Stryker was labeled the 16th-largest political donor in the country, giving nearly $1 million to liberal causes and politically active 527 organizations. 38 In 2011, Stryker was the top name on Forbes’ list of the country’s top liberal political spenders, giving $2.2 million to liberal causes and President Barack Obama. 39 In 2015, she was named to Forbes list of the Most Influential Political donors. 40

Since 2001, Pat Stryker has given $11 million to federal candidates and committees. Stryker has contributed millions of dollars to the Democratic Party committees including the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, the Democratic National Committee, Senate Majority PAC, House Majority PAC and numerous federal Democratic State Party Committees. 41

Stryker has also given millions of dollars to liberal political committees and PACs including over $2 million in contributions to Priorities USA Action,42 $1.2 million to Women Vote!, $750,000 to the Hillary Victory Fund, $550,000 to American Bridge 21st Century, $500,000 to Correct The Record, and $500,000 to Nextgen Climate Action Committee. 43

Stryker has also given political contributions to a wide-array of Democratic political candidates including presidential candidates Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, John Kerry, and John Edwards, as well as Senators Al Franken, Elizabeth Warren, Tammy Baldwin, and Cory Booker.

In 2012, Stryker donated to every Democratic member of the Colorado congressional delegation as well as three non-incumbents — Joan Fitz-Gerald, former Representative Betsy Markey, and Representative Jared Polis. 44

Campaign Finance Policy

In 2015, Stryker signed on to a letter calling for the Securities and Exchange Commission to require that public companies disclose their corporate political spending in order to shed light on political stances taken by corporations. The letter, signed by Stryker, specifically targeted businesses that oppose environmentalist legislation concerning climate change. 45

Stryker also gave $300,000 to Mayday PAC, a PAC that supports liberal federal campaign finance reforms. 46 47 The Denver Business Journal noted the inherent contradiction in Stryker’s political contributions, noting that she gave “$750,000 to two political action committees that support Hillary Clinton’s presidential bid, in addition to a $300,000 gift to a PAC promoting campaign finance reform, a cause which may preclude her big gifts to promote presidential races in the future.” 48

Colorado Political Activism

In 2004, Stryker was one of four mega-donors, along with multimillionaires Jared Polis, Tim Gill, and Rutt Bridges, who collectively spent millions of dollars in a concerted effort to flip control of the Colorado state legislature from Republican to Democratic control that year. 49 Stryker’s group, informally known as the “Gang of Four,” funneled over $3 million to Democrats at “a level never before seen in Colorado politics.” 50

Stryker “was the group’s biggest funder” and according to authors Adam Schrager and Rob Witwer “was ready to give whatever it took to win.” 51 In the end, Stryker contributed $850,000 to the 2004 effort. 52

According to Fred Barnes of the Weekly Standard, the group “quietly targeted a handful of Republican state legislators (particularly social conservatives opposed to same-sex marriage), polled to find out what issues might work against them, and promoted their Democratic opponents.” 53

Together they spent $2 million, or double the amount Republican groups spent, on state races. They also spent $1 million on ads against a Colorado Republican Congressman who had sponsored federal legislation to amend the Constitution to ban same-sex marriage. 54

Consequently, Democrats gained control of both the Colorado State Senate and House for the first time in 44 years. Many state political experts felt that Stryker’s ‘Gang of Four’ was “largely responsible” for the Democrats’ success. 55 56

In 2006, Stryker and Tim Gill escalated their spending and Democrats won the governor’s race. 57 Specifically, Stryker gave $1.2 million to eight liberal political committees: Moving Colorado Forward, Main Street Colorado, Citizens For Colorado, Clear Peak Colorado. Coloradans For Life, New West Fellowship Group, Honor And Freedom, and Coloradans For A Fair Minimum Wage. 58

From 2008 through 2018 Stryker gave a total of $3.1 million to state Democratic candidates and liberal political committees in Colorado. Specifically, she gave five- and six-figure contributions to committees such as Twenty-First Century Colorado, Colorado Freedom Fund, Accountability For Colorado, Colorado League Of Responsible Voters, The Community Information Project, Coalition For Colorado’s Future, Colorado Accountable Government Alliance, Colorado Commits To Kids, Mainstream Colorado, Priorities For Colorado, Colorado Priorities, Fair Maps Colorado, and Justice Colorado/Daga Lawyer’s Project. 59

Denver Post editorialist Vincent Carroll decried Stryker’s political strategies, writing that she “happily sends big checks to groups whose abiding purpose is to smear men and women running for office with outrageous accusations largely unrelated to reality.” 60 According to Carroll, “The single sleaziest political mailer sent to voters in both 2008 and 2010 in Colorado—and several of the sleaziest in 2006—was produced by groups financed in part by Stryker and Gill.” 61

In 2002, Stryker contributed $3 million to the group, English Plus63 to oppose a ballot issue proposal known as Amendment 31, which “required all public school classes (other than foreign language classes) to be taught in English.” 64 Stryker’s contribution to English Plus was at the time seen as one of the largest political contributions in Colorado’s history. 66 Amendment 31 was defeated.

In 2013, Stryker gave $1 million67 to Colorado Commits to Kids, a group that unsuccessfully68 pushed for a $950 million tax increase to fund a significant overhaul of the state’s school finance system. 69 70

Democracy Alliance and Colorado Democracy Alliance

For more information, see Democracy Alliance and Colorado Democracy Alliance

Stryker has been a strong supporter of the liberal donor collective Democracy Alliance since its beginning in 2005. 71

In 2006, Stryker was a founding board member of and a major contributor to the Colorado Democracy Alliance (CoDA). 72 From its creation, CoDA sought to replicate the successful strategies employed in 2004 by Stryker’s “Gang of Four” to support left-wing environmental, education, and abortion-related policies. 73

According to CoDA documents made public by the Denver Post, CoDA sought to advance the group’s liberal “political and ideological agenda through a web of advocacy and nonprofit groups, many of which claim nonpartisanship and receive tax exemptions.” 74

In 2006, the CoDA identified 37 different organizations that collectively would receive millions of dollars from Stryker and the other members of the CoDa. 75

A 2006 confidential strategy memo identified Stryker as a CoDA board member and would be attending a highly covert password protected CoDA meeting. At said meeting Stryker and other CoDA members were to discuss how they intended to use “527s, C3’s, and campaign ops” to build a long and short-term strategy to support Democratic candidates and liberal issue positions. The memo also noted that Stryker would be hosting the 2006 CoDA election “Victory Party &’debrief.’” 76

In 2011, Stryker attended a Democracy Alliance retreat where Alliance donors focused on ways to help re-elect President Obama. 77

Stryker has given millions of dollars to an array of Democracy Alliance supported national and state-based organizations including America Votes and Michigan Coalition for Progress. 78 79

Bohemian Foundation

Also see Bohemian Foundation (Nonprofit)

Pat Stryker founded the Bohemian Foundation in 2001 and currently serves as its president. 80 81 Between 2016 and 2017, Stryker contributed over $30 million in Stryker Corporation stock to the Foundation. 82

Stryker uses the Bohemian Foundation to make grants to a number of other local, national, and global nonprofits that support various liberal causes. 83

In 2003, Stryker gave Colorado State University a $20 million gift through her Bohemian Foundation, with $15 million earmarked for the CSU athletics program. 84

From 2010 through 2013 Stryker, through the Bohemian Foundation, gave $850,000 to the liberal watchdog group Citizens for Ethics and Responsibility in Washington (CREW). 85

From 2015 through 2017, Stryker’s foundation gave $1 million to the Joseph Biden Foundation, $1.1 million to CREW, $600,000 Media Matters for America, $1.4 million to various Planned Parenthood entities, $900,000 to ProgressNow, $800,000 to the William J. Brennan Center for Justice, $150,000 to State Voices, $275,000 to Colorado Civic Engagement Roundtable, $240,000 to Colorado Ethics Watch, and $100,000 to the Indivisible Fund. 86

References

  1. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/#763241423542
  2. Pat Stryker Contributions. Federal Election Commission. Contributions given between 2001-2018. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  3. Hatlestad, Luc, Potter, Maximillian, and Gardner, Maximillian. “The Fifty.” 5280 Magazine. January 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.5280.com/2010/08/the-5280-fifty/
  4. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  5. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  6. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  7. Cramer, Ruby. “Democracy Alliance Raises Member Fees And Retools To Fight Trump.” Buzzfeed. January 26, 2017. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/rubycramer/democracy-alliance-raises-member-fees-and-retools-to-fight-t
  8. Fender, Jessica. “Progressive Gang Uses Nonprofits To Push Politics.” Denver Post. October 5, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2008/10/05/progressive-gang-uses-nonprofits-to-push-politics/
  9. “President Obama Announces $400 Million Conditional Commitment Offer to Support Solar Panel Manufacturing.” Department of Energy. July 3, 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-obama-announces-400-million-conditional-commitment-offer-support-solar-panel
  10. :Bohemian Companies.” CB Insights. Undated. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.cbinsights.com/investor/bohemian-companies
  11. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  12. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  13. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. September 2010. Archived February 10, 2011. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20110210191212/https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/
  14. “Pat Stryker.”  Bloomberg. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/patricia-a-stryker/
  15. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. September 2010. Archived February 10, 2011. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20110210191212/https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/  
  16. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/#763241423542
  17. “Pat Stryker.”  Bloomberg. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/patricia-a-stryker/
  18. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/#763241423542
  19. “Pat Stryker.”  Bloomberg. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/patricia-a-stryker/
  20. Devereaux, Brad. “Stryker Siblings, Corporation’s Former CEO On Forbes Billionaires List.” MLive. March 25, 2017. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2017/03/stryker_siblings_former_ceo_on.html
  21. Hacker, Tom. “Stryker among world’s billionaires.” BizWest. March 1, 2002. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://bizwest.com/2002/03/01/stryker-among-worlds-billionaires/
  22. “Pat Stryker.” Forbes. April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/profile/pat-stryker/#763241423542
  23. McMorris, Bill. “Pat Stryker: Colorado Crony.” Washington Free Beacon. October 16, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://freebeacon.com/democracy-alliance/pat-stryker-colorado-crony/
  24. Stricherz, Mark. “Stryker Campaign Contributions, Ties to Embattled Solar Firm, Prompt Criticism.” The Colorado Observer. March 22, 2012. Archived March 27, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20120327052326/http://thecoloradoobserver.com/2012/03/stryker-donations/
  25. “Bohemian Companies.” Mass Investor Database. Undated. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://massinvestordatabase.com/publicfirm.php?name=Bohemian+Companies
  26. Ferrier, Pat. “Stryker Buys Up More Old Town Land.” The Coloradan. June 29, 2017. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.coloradoan.com/story/money/business/2017/06/30/stryker-buys-up-more-old-town-land/439038001/
  27. “Agreement Between The City of Fort Collins, Colorado And Bohemian Companies LLC for Sharing of The Cost of The Preliminary Architectural Design Relating to The Possible Construction of A Multi-Level Parking Garage.” City of Fort Collins. June 23, 2015. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://citydocs.fcgov.com/?cmd=convert&vid=10&docid=2534292&dt=CONTRACT
  28. :Bohemian Companies.” CB Insights. Undated. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.cbinsights.com/investor/bohemian-companies
  29. Woody, Todd. “Abound Solar, Recipient Of $400 Million Federal Loan Guarantee, Halts Production.” Forbes. March 1, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/toddwoody/2012/03/01/abound-solar-recipient-of-400-million-federal-loan-guarantee-halts-production/#11c23f557fb7
  30. “President Obama Announces $400 Million Conditional Commitment Offer to Support Solar Panel Manufacturing.” Department of Energy. July 3, 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.energy.gov/articles/president-obama-announces-400-million-conditional-commitment-offer-support-solar-panel
  31. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  32. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  33. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  34. Markay, Lachlan. “Another Stimulus Backed ‘Green Energy’ Company Goes Bankrupt.” The Daily Signal. June 28, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.dailysignal.com/2012/06/28/another-stimulus-backed-green-energy-company-goes-bankrupt/
  35. Steiner, Keenan. “Another renewable energy loan recipient hires lobbyists, has fundraising ties to Obama.” Sunlight Foundation. November 30, 2011. Archived September 22, 2016. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://web.archive.org/web/20160922162054/https://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2011/11/30/another-renewable-grantee-hires-lobbyists-has-fundraising-ties-o/  
  36. Steiner, Keenan. “Another renewable energy loan recipient hires lobbyists, has fundraising ties to Obama.” Sunlight Foundation. November 30, 2011. Archived September 22, 2016. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://web.archive.org/web/20160922162054/https://sunlightfoundation.com/blog/2011/11/30/another-renewable-grantee-hires-lobbyists-has-fundraising-ties-o/
  37. “IT WAS POLITICAL: Abound Solar DOE Emails Prove Obama Lied.” Colorado Peak Politics. October 29, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://coloradopeakpolitics.com/2012/10/29/it-was-political-abound-solar-doe-emails-prove-obama-lied/
  38. Hatlestad, Luc, Potter, Maximillian, and Gardner, Maximillian. “The Fifty.” 5280 Magazine. January 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.5280.com/2010/08/the-5280-fifty/
  39. Bruner, Jon and O’Connor, Clare. “Liberal Spenders.” Forbes. September 21, 2011. Accessed April 4, 2019. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/1010/forbes400-11-networks-data-driven-liberal-spenders-bruner-oconner.html#558b496c43e4/
  40. Sorvino, Chloe. “The Biggest, Most Influential Political Donors On The 2015 Forbes 400.” Forbes. September 30, 2015. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2015/09/30/the-biggest-most-influential-political-donors-on-the-2015-forbes-400/#1efcc49b7a93
  41. Pat Stryker Contributions. Federal Election Commission. Contributions given between 2001-2018. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  42. McMorris, Bill. “Democracy Alliance Loves Pro-Obama Super PAC.” The Washington Free Beacon. September 21, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://freebeacon.com/politics/democracy-alliance-loves-pro-obama-super-pac/
  43. Pat Stryker Contributions. Federal Election Commission. Contributions given between 2001-2018. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  44. Stricherz, Mark. “Stryker Campaign Contributions, Ties to Embattled Solar Firm, Prompt Criticism.” The Colorado Observer. March 22, 2012. Archived March 27, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20120327052326/http://thecoloradoobserver.com/2012/03/stryker-donations/
  45. Stryker, Patricia, et al. “Letter: SEC Should Protect Investors by Requiring Public Companies to Disclose Political Spending.”  April 25, 2015. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.sec.gov/comments/disclosure-effectiveness/disclosureeffectiveness-37.pdf
  46. “Mayday PAC.” Undated. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://mayday.us/
  47. Pat Stryker Contributions. Federal Election Commission. Contributions given between 2015. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  48. KUSA Staff. “Coloradan among top donors to presidential races.” Denver Business Journal. October 12, 2015. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.9news.com/article/news/local/politics/coloradan-among-top-donors-to-presidential-races/27408718
  49. Schrager, Adam and Witwer, Rob. “Blueprint: How the Democrats Won Colorado (and Why Republicans Everywhere Should Care).” Fulcrum Publishing. Golden Colorado. 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=4xWpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26&lpg=PT26&dq=%22Pat+stryker%22+and+divorce&source=bl&ots=MmpeN8A-2_&sig=ACfU3U3_ViJ6f48YTiTp69gVpbneZMXXiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz96G-9ZHhAhVjUN8KHSfcDF84ChDoATALegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=%22stryker%22&f=false
  50. Special Editorial. “‘Gang of Four’ helped Democrats win in ’04.” Denver Post. September 14, 2007. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2007/09/14/gang-of-four-helped-democrats-win-in-04/
  51. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  52. Schrager, Adam and Witwer, Rob. “Blueprint: How the Democrats Won Colorado (and Why Republicans Everywhere Should Care).” Fulcrum Publishing. Golden Colorado. 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=4xWpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26&lpg=PT26&dq=%22Pat+stryker%22+and+divorce&source=bl&ots=MmpeN8A-2_&sig=ACfU3U3_ViJ6f48YTiTp69gVpbneZMXXiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz96G-9ZHhAhVjUN8KHSfcDF84ChDoATALegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=%22stryker%22&f=false
  53. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  54. Special Editorial. “‘Gang of Four’ helped Democrats win in ’04.” Denver Post. September 14, 2007. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2007/09/14/gang-of-four-helped-democrats-win-in-04/
  55. Special Editorial. “‘Gang of Four’ helped Democrats win in ’04.” Denver Post. September 14, 2007. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2007/09/14/gang-of-four-helped-democrats-win-in-04/
  56. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  57. Barnes, Fred. “The Colorado Model.” The Weekly Standard. July 21, 2008. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.weeklystandard.com/fred-barnes/the-colorado-model
  58. Pat Stryker contributions. TRACER: Colorado Campaign Finance Database. Data from 2006. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  59. Pat Stryker contributions. TRACER: Colorado Campaign Finance Database. Data from 2008-2018. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  60. Carroll, Vincent. Editorial: Millionaires For Gutter Politics. Denver Post. October 9, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2012/10/09/carroll-millionaires-for-gutter-politics/
  61. Carroll, Vincent. Editorial: Millionaires For Gutter Politics. Denver Post. October 9, 2012. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2012/10/09/carroll-millionaires-for-gutter-politics/
  63. Mitchell, Nancy. “Heiress gives $3 million to fight Amendment 31.” Denver Rocky Mountain News. September 28, 2002. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://www.onenation.org/article/heiress-gives-3-million-to-fight-amendment-31/[/note] 62 Mitchell, Nancy. “Heiress gives $3 million to fight Amendment 31.” Denver Rocky Mountain News. September 28, 2002. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://www.onenation.org/article/heiress-gives-3-million-to-fight-amendment-31/
  64. Schrager, Adam and Witwer, Rob. “Blueprint: How the Democrats Won Colorado (and Why Republicans Everywhere Should Care).” Fulcrum Publishing. Golden Colorado. 2010. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=4xWpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26&lpg=PT26&dq=%22Pat+stryker%22+and+divorce&source=bl&ots=MmpeN8A-2_&sig=ACfU3U3_ViJ6f48YTiTp69gVpbneZMXXiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz96G-9ZHhAhVjUN8KHSfcDF84ChDoATALegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=%22stryker%22&f=false
  66. Mitchell, Nancy. “Heiress gives $3 million to fight Amendment 31.” Denver Rocky Mountain News. September 28, 2002. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://www.onenation.org/article/heiress-gives-3-million-to-fight-amendment-31/[/note] 65 Mitchell, Nancy. “Heiress gives $3 million to fight Amendment 31.” Denver Rocky Mountain News. September 28, 2002. Accessed April 4, 2019. http://www.onenation.org/article/heiress-gives-3-million-to-fight-amendment-31/
  67. Pat Stryker contributions. TRACER: Colorado Campaign Finance Database. Data from 2014. Accessed April 4, 2019.
  68. Simpson, Kevin. “Amendment 66 School Tax Measure Goes Down To Defeat.” Denver Post. November 5, 2013. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2013/11/05/amendment-66-school-tax-measure-goes-down-to-defeat/
  69. Engdahl, Todd. “Colorado Commits Fundraising Tops $7.7 Million.” Chalkbeat. October 15, 2013. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.chalkbeat.org/posts/co/2013/10/15/colorado-commits-fundraising-tops-7-7-million/
  70. Simpson, Kevin. “$950 million Colorado School Finance Measure Officially On Ballot.” Denver Post. September 4, 2013. Accessed April 4, 2019. https://www.denverpost.com/2013/09/04/950-million-colorado-school-finance-measure-officially-on-ballot/
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