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Political Party/527

End Citizens United (ECU)

Website:

endcitizensunited.org/
Type:

527 Political Action Committee
Formation:

2015
Founders:

Greg Berlin

Jake Lipsett

Charles Starnes
Issue:

Left-Wing Campaign Finance Policy

Opposition to Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
President:

Tiffany Muller

Contact InfluenceWatch with suggested edits or tips for additional profiles.

End Citizens United (ECU) is a Democratic-aligned political action committee (PAC) founded by three former Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) staffers in 2015. The PAC endorses political candidates who promise to overturn the 2010 Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC. 1

ECU has used a heavily criticized ‘churn and burn’ email marketing strategy for its fundraising schemes. This led to the PAC raising $11 million in its first year.1 Some of ECU’s allies have criticized ECU’s fundraising strategies.2

The PAC endorsed Democrat former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election, Democrat then-former Vice President Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election, 3 and Democrat then-Vice President Kamela Harris in the 2024 presidential election. 4

History

In 2015, Greg Berlin, a former digital campaign director for the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC);5 Charles Starnes, former deputy digital director of the DCCC;6  and former congressional staffer Jake Lipsett founded End Citizens United, a political action committee (PAC) that endorses Democratic Party candidates who support the overturning of the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United v. FEC.7

Lipsett, Berlin, and Starnes were also the founding partners of a digital political consultancy called Mothership Strategies, which was hired by End Citizens United as a vendor.8 9

In 2020, ECU merged with Let America Vote (LAV), becoming a joint PAC, to, “allow the groups to take a holistic approach to two of the biggest challenges facing our democracy: big money and voter suppression.” 10

Political Activities

End Citizens United (ECU) began its fundraising drive almost immediately upon its creation in 2015, sending as many as seven emails per day to potential donors.1 The DCCC created this ‘churn and burn’ strategy in 2014, and Mothership Strategies, a Democratic-aligned digital strategy firm created by Berlin, Starnes, and Lipsett in 2014 adopted it.11

ECU used this email strategy to persuade individuals to “rush a donation” to “restore our Democracy.” Within its first year, ECU had raised $11 million and spent $6.3 million. End Citizens United spent around 65% of the $6.3 million on consultancy fees and other expenses including $1.7 million to rent email lists from organizations such as Ready for Hillary PAC, Care2, and media outlets like the Nation. End Citizens United also spent $1.2 million on the services of Rising Tide interactive and $500,000 on services provided by Mothership Strategies.1

For its first endorsements, ECU used a questionnaire to decide what candidates from the Democratic Party it advocated. Five of the 11 candidates chosen were clients of Mothership Strategies.1

2016 Presidential Election

End Citizens United endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. The PAC explained that it endorsed Clinton because of her “aggressive plan to reform our campaign finance system and end the corrupting influence of unlimited, anonymous spending in our elections.”12 During the 2016 election cycle, ECU contributed $50,000 to the Hillary Action Fund and $90,000 to the DCCC in PAC to PAC payments,13 while also spending just under $11 million in independent expenditures, communication costs, and coordinated expenses against Republicans.14

2018 Midterm Elections

ECU contributed $135,000 to the DCCC during the 2018 election cycle and donated $1 million to Democratic Party candidates including $650,000 to Rep. Jason Crow (D-CO). ECU also spent $2.1 million against Republican candidates including $1.7 million against then-Senate candidate and Montana State Auditor Matt Rosendale (R).15

2020 Presidential Election

During the 2020 election End Citizens United and Let America Vote endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden for president. 3 During the same election cycle the groups donated $60,000 to the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), $80,000 to the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC), and $50,000 to the Democratic National Committee. 16

Biden Administration Voter Activation Project

According to the Washington Examiner, in July 2021 the Biden White House hosted a Zoom call with representatives of ECU along with several other left-of-center voter advocacy groups to discuss increasing voter registration within the United States. Topics discussed on the call reportedly included “registering illegal immigrants and integrating voter registration into public housing as a requirement under federal law.” 17 Notes on the meeting were provided by the Washington Examiner through the Foundation for Government Accountability (FGA) and the Heritage Foundation’s Oversight Project. Other groups involved in the call included the Open Society Policy Center, Democracy Fund, Demos, League of Women Voters, and the Sentencing Project. 17

2022 Midterm Elections

In the 2022 midterms, ECU has donated $80,000 to the DCCC and $60,000 to the DSCC. 16 It also donated to PAC to the Future, a PAC affiliated with former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA). 16

On its website, the organization made a list titled the “Big Money 20,” a list of 20 “top Republicans to defeat” in the 2020 midterm elections due to being the “worst of Washington-style corrupt politics” according to the group.  Notable names on the list included then-Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Republican U.S. Senate candidates Herschel Walker and Mehmet Oz. 18

2024 Presidential Election

In October 2023, ECU and Let America Vote (LAV) announced they would endorse incumbent President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris for re-election in the 2024 presidential election. ECU and LAV president Tiffany Muller stated that the endorsement was due to the Biden Administration’s focus on voting rights legislation, claiming, “The rise of Republican election denialism, dark money groups, and corruption threaten the very foundation of our nation. President Biden and Vice President Harris share these concerns and have consistently championed reforms to address these critical issues.” 19

As of April 2024, ECU listed 46 candidates for federal office who had received its endorsement, all of whom were Democrats.20

In December 2023, End Citizens United denounced the unanimous U.S. Supreme Court ruling barring Colorado from disqualifying then-former President Donald Trump from the presidential ballot following the January 6, 2021 capitol riot. 21

In February 2024, End Citizens United filed a series of complaints with the Internal Revenue Service against the ostensibly non-partisan group No Labels alleging that the group violated tax law by providing support to the No Labels Party, which tried to establish itself as a third party. ECU claimed that No Labels made partisan political activity its primary purpose, in violation of its non-profit status which says that partisan political activity can only be a secondary purpose. 22

In April 2024, End Citizens United and the left-leaning Campaign Legal Center filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission alleging that U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) violated federal campaign finance law by allegedly soliciting “soft money” through his podcast deal. The complaint alleged that iHeartMedia transferred money derived from ad sale revenue for his podcast to his Truth and Courage PAC. 23

In June 2024, End Citizens United filed a complaint against then-independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. claiming that Kennedy was exploiting campaign finance laws in order to play a spoiler to aid Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. The group alleged Kennedy violated campaign finance laws, sold his running mate slot to a top donor, shared another top funder with Trump, and tried to hijack existing third parties to boost his chances of making the ballot in states. 24

In July 2024, End Citizens United endorsed then-Vice President Kamala Harris for president after then-President Joe Biden dropped out of the race. 25

In August 2024, End Citizens United filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission over an interview Elon Musk did with Donald Trump on Twitter claiming that it was an illegal in-kind corporate contribution to Trump. 26

In August 2024, End Citizens United blasted Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. after he dropped out of the presidential race and endorsed Donald Trump. The group called Kennedy’s campaign, “nothing more than a MAGA-funded spoiler effort to help elect Donald Trump. So of course once his campaign stopped being useful to Trump, they orchestrated a corrupt scheme for RFK Jr. to drop out and endorse Trump.” 27

In September 2024, End Citizens United released a statement highlighting then-Vice President Kamala Harris’s record on voting rights and the U.S. Supreme Court. The group praised Harris for her support of the federal takeover of elections and her support for making changes to the U.S. Supreme Court. 28

In October 2024, End Citizens United filed complaints with the Federal Election Commission and the Internal Revenue Service against the Jill Stein presidential campaign, the Cornel West presidential campaign, the Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. presidential campaign, and some Republican operatives for allegedly illegally doing unpaid work for the three campaigns. The group also filed a complaint against More Voter Choice Fund Inc. for failing to properly disclose a contribution from the pro-Kennedy American Values PAC. The group claimed that Donald Trump could only win by illegally propping up third party candidates. 29

Second Trump Administration

In February 2025, End Citizens United joined with the left-of-center group Accountable.US to launch the “Corrupt Cabinet” website, which accused Trump administration cabinet members of corruption. ECU accused Trump of filling his cabinet with “billionaires, nominees with huge conflicts of interest, and political cronies looking to cash in” who were looking to “enrich itself at the expense of the American people.” The website would feature information about the cabinet member and any alleged conflicts of interest they have. 30

In February 2025, End Citizens United denounced plans to shut down the U.S. Department of Education calling it a “Project 2025 plan.” The group claimed that closing the Department of Education would “would gut Head Start, end school lunch assistance, and funnel taxpayer dollars from public schools to private and religious institutions.” 31

In February 2025, End Citizens United denounced the closure of an FBI team dedicated to preventing foreign influence in elections. The group said, “it’s all about appeasing Trump and dismantling the system that exposed how Russia helped him,” a reference to claims of collusion between President Trump’s 2016 campaign and the Russian government, and claimed the move would place America’s national security at risk. 32

In February 2025, End Citizens United came out against the proposed closure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. The claimed that “shutting down this critical agency is a thank-you from the Trump administration to the Wall Street elites and billionaire CEOs who bankrolled his campaign” and blamed Elon Musk, then leading public-facing efforts for the Trump administration’s Department of Government Efficiency project, for its closure. 33

Issue Stances

In September 2022, End Citizens United supported a plan to pack the U.S. Supreme Court by adding four justices during the presidency of President Joe Biden. The group also supported mandatory ethics and recusal rules and term limits for justices. 34

In June 2023, End Citizens United issued a statement denouncing the U.S. Supreme Court for ending affirmative action at colleges and universities. The group said the case was “led by right-wing extremists, financed by billionaires aiming to safeguard their privilege.” 35

In June 2024, End Citizens United put out a statement on the second anniversary of the overturning of Roe v. Wade, which returned abortion regulation to the states, claiming that it was an “extreme decision” and the result of money from conservative billionaires. 36

In June 2024, End Citizens United denounced the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision to overturn the “Chevron doctrine” in regulatory policy arguing, “It just became that much easier for corporations to sabotage the very federal agencies that protect our environment, our workplaces, and our public health.” The group claimed the decision was the result of corruption fed by the corporate dark money. 37

In July 2024, End Citizens United came out in favor of then-President Joe Biden’s proposed changes to the U.S. Supreme Court which included a binding and enforceable ethics package and term limits. In a statement, the group complained that the U.S. Supreme Court had been captured by “MAGA extremists” and was corrupt. The group claimed that polling showed support for changes to the U.S. Supreme Court. 38

In March 2025, End Citizens United came out in favor of Democratic-backed legislation which would increase federal control over elections. The proposed legislation would expand federal oversight and control over elections in the name of protecting voting rights. 39

In March 2025, End Citizens United came against an executive order issued by President Donald Trump related to voting and elections, denouncing it as “a dangerous and unconstitutional attempt to change the election process ahead of the midterm elections to serve his political agenda and hold onto power.” 40

In March 2025, End Citizens United came out against the SAVE Act, Republican-backed legislation that would guard against non-citizens voting in federal elections. The group called the bill a “dangerous anti-voter bill designed to make it harder for Americans to vote” that was “fueled by conspiracy theories and anti-immigrant fearmongering.” The group claimed that bill would impose “costly and unnecessary documentation requirements that disproportionately impact married women, military members, rural voters, Native communities, and low-income voters.” 41

Affiliations

End Citizens United created the End Citizens United Action Network in 2017. The Action Network is an online forum for individuals and groups to use to organize events, petitions, and fundraising drives for “progressive causes.”42

End Citizens United has worked closely with Mothership Strategies, the Democratic-aligned digital strategy firm created by ECU’s founders. End Citizens United was reported to have been Mothership’s largest non-candidate client.43 During the 2016 election cycle, ECU paid Mothership Strategies $3.3 million;44 the PAC paid the firm another $2.7 million for its services in the 2018 mid-term election cycle.45

In February 2022, End Citizens United employees organized a union. The employees sought better pay, stronger diversity and inclusion practices, job protections, and more of a say about their workplace. In March 2022, End Citizens United management voluntarily recognized the union and it became part of Washington-Baltimore NewsGuild Local 32035. 46

Financials

During the 2016 election cycle, End Citizens United (ECU) raised $25,577,797. During the 2018 cycle, it raised $33,098,237. During the 2020 cycle, it raised $42,449,850. During the 2022 cycle, it raised $31,179,262.47

During the 2016 election cycle it made $11,967,156 in independent expenditures, over 98 percent of which was against Republicans or for Democrats. During the 2018 election cycle it made $12,588,383 in independent expenditures, 100 percent of which was against Republicans or for Democrats. During the 2020 election cycle it made $14,235,844 in independent expenditures, 100 percent of which was against Republicans or for Democrats. During the 2022 election cycle it made $6,039,428 in independent expenditures, 100 percent of which was against Republicans or for Democrats.48

Leadership

Tiffany Muller is president of End Citizens United (ECU), as well as of Let America Vote, and the End Citizens United (ECU) Action Fund. She was formerly deputy political director at the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC), chief of staff to former U.S. Representative Patrick Murphy (D-FL), vice president of political operations at the LGBTQ Victory Fund, and research director to former Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius (D). She has also been a board member at the Congressional Progressive Caucus Center.49 50

Abe Rakov is the executive director. He previously worked on former U.S. Rep. Beto O’Rourke’s (D-TX) U.S. Senate campaign. 51

Justin Gibbs-Poe is the digital/communications coordinator at ECU. Previously, he worked with left-of-center groups in Atlanta as a community organizer. 52

Jonas Edwards-Jenks is the former communications director at ECU. Before that, he was associate director of grassroots communications at Everytown for Gun Safety, and served as press secretary for Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO) and communications director for Rep. Max Rose (D-NY).49

Lynn Jorden is the former independent expenditure director at ECU. She formerly worked on the campaigns of Sen. Michael Bennet (D-CO), Gov. Terry McAuliffe (D-VA), Sen. Jon Tester (D-MT), and Gov. Steve Beshear (D-KY), as well as working as a research associate with the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee in 2014.49

Jody Murphy is the former chief program officer at ECU. He was formerly political director and independent expenditure director at the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee.49

Justine Turner is the former political director at ECU and Let America Vote. She was formerly vice president of political and advocacy at iHeartMedia, and before that was national delegate operations director for the 2020 presidential campaign of Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA). She also directed independent expenditure campaigns for the Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee, and has held positions at Senate Majority PAC and SKDKnickerbocker.49

End Citizens United’s board of directors includes former U.S Representative Ron Barber (D-AZ), DSPolitical chief operating officer and former vice president at NGP VAN Christopher Massicotte, Civitas Public Affairs Group founding partner Bill Smith, Working America executive director Matt Morrison, Democratic party strategist and campaign official Karen Finney, and former Missouri Secretary of State and Let America Vote founder Jason Kander.49

References

  1. Blumenthal, Paul. “This Group Raised $11 Million To Defeat Citizens United. So Why Do People Hate Them?” HuffPost UK. April 21, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/end-citizens-united-pac-campaign-finance-reform_us_570e5308e4b0ffa5937da409.
  2. “Move to Amend.” We the People, Not We the Corporations | Move to Amend. June 17, 2015. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://movetoamend.org/beware-group-end-citizens-united-pulling-your-chain.
  3. “End Citizens United and Let America Vote Endorse Joe Biden for President – End Citizens United: We the People, Not ‘We the Wealthy.’” End Citizens United | We the People, Not “We the Wealthy”. End Citizens United, April 16, 2020. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-and-let-america-vote-endorse-joe-biden-for-president/.
  4. “End Citizens United // Let America Endorses Vice President Harris for President – End Citizens United: We the People, Not ‘We the Wealthy.’” End Citizens United | We the People, Not “We the Wealthy,” July 21, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-let-america-endorses-vice-president-harris-for-president/.
  5. “Greg Berlin” US Election Tour 2018. Accessed September 10, 2018. http://www.uselectiontour2018.com/speakers/35/greg-berlin.
  6. Samuelsohn, Darren, Geoffrey Kabaservice, Erick Trickey, Alondra De La Cruz, and Jack Shafer. “URGENT: Dems’ Email Bonanza.” About Us. August 07, 2014. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.politico.com/story/2014/08/urgent-democratic-emails-fundraising-bonanza-brandon-english-109775.
  7. Blumenthal, Paul. “This Group Raised $11 Million To Defeat Citizens United. So Why Do People Hate Them?” HuffPost UK. April 21, 2016. Accessed September 10, 2018. https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/end-citizens-united-pac-campaign-finance-reform_us_570e5308e4b0ffa5937da409.
  8. Hailey Fuchs and Daniel Lippman. “Democrats Shunned a Top Firm Over its Controversial Fundraising Practices. It Hasn’t Gone Away.” Politico. November 24, 2023. Available at: https://www.politico.com/news/2023/11/24/mothership-strategies-democratic-fundraising-00128548
  9. “Case Study: End Citizens United.” Mothership Strategies. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://mothershipstrategies.com/end-citizens-united/
  10. “LET AMERICA VOTE TO JOIN END CITIZENS UNITED NETWORK TO FIGHT TO UNRIG THE SYSTEM.” Let America Vote, 2020. https://letamericavote.org/news/blog/2020/let-america-vote-end-citizens-united/.
  11. “About Us.” Mothership Strategies. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://mothershipstrategies.com/about-us/.
  12. “End Citizens United Endorses Hillary Clinton for President.” End Citizens United. July 20, 2016. Accessed September 12, 2018. http://endcitizensunited.org/press-releases/end-citizens-united-endorses-hillary-clinton-for-president/.
  13. “End Citizens United to PACs/Parties.” OpenSecrets. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pac2pac.php?cycle=2016&cmte=C00573261.
  14. “End Citizens United Independent Expenditures.” OpenSecrets. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/indexpend.php?cmte=C00573261&cycle=2016&txt=.
  15. “End Citizens United Independent Expenditures.” OpenSecrets. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/indexpend.php?cycle=2018&cmte=C00573261.
  16.  “End Citizens United PAC to Pac/Party.” OpenSecrets. Accessed November 2, 2022. https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/end-citizens-united/C00573261/pac-to-pac/2022.
  17. Kaminsky, Gabe. “Biden voter registration meeting raises eyebrows on Capitol Hill: ‘Election interference.’” The Washington Examiner, May 7, 2024. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/house/2992655/biden-voter-registration-meeting-capitol-hill-election-interference/
  18. “ECU Unveils 2022 ‘Big Money 20’ List of Most Corrupt Politicians – End Citizens United: We the People, Not ‘We the Wealthy.’” End Citizens United | We the People, Not “We the Wealthy”, October 24, 2022. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/ecu-unveils-2022-big-money-20-list-of-most-corrupt-politicians/.
  19. Gangitano, Alex. “Exclusive: End Citizens United endorses Biden in 2024.” The Hill, October 5, 2023. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4239009-exclusive-end-citizens-united-endorses-biden-in-2024/
  20. “Candidates.” End Citizens United. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://endcitizensunited.org/candidates/
  21. “End Citizens United // Let America Vote on Colorado Supreme Court Decision Disqualifying Trump from Appearing on Ballot – End Citizens United: We the People, Not ‘We the Wealthy.’” End Citizens United , December 20, 2023. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-let-america-vote-on-colorado-supreme-court-decision-disqualifying-trump-from-appearing-on-ballot/.
  22. Mooney, Tim. “End Citizens United to IRS: No Labels Violates Tax Law.” Alliance for Justice, February 7, 2024. https://afj.org/article/end-citizens-united-to-irs-no-labels-violates-tax-law/.
  23. “Ted Cruz’s Podcast Deal Appears to Violate Federal Soft Money Prohibition.” Campaign Legal Center, April 9, 2024. https://campaignlegal.org/document/ted-cruzs-podcast-deal-appears-violate-federal-soft-money-prohibition.
  24. “RFK Jr.. Exploiting Campaign Finance Laws to Play Spoiler in Presidential Election .” End Citizens United, June 13, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/rfk-jr-exploiting-campaign-finance-laws-to-play-spoiler-in-presidential-election/.
  25. “End Citizens United // Let America Endorses Vice President Harris for President.” End Citizens United, July 21, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-let-america-endorses-vice-president-harris-for-president/.
  26. Comms. “End Citizens United Files FEC Complaint against Trump Campaign and X over Illegal Corporate Contribution.” End Citizens United , August 13, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-files-fec-complaint-against-trump-campaign-and-x-over-illegal-corporate-contribution/.
  27. “End Citizens United Statement on RFK Jr.. Dropping out and Endorsing Trump .” End Citizens United, August 23, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-statement-on-rfk-jr-dropping-out-and-endorsing-trump/.
  28. “End Citizens United Praises Vice President Kamala Harris’ Focus on pro-Democracy Legislation .” End Citizens United, September 9, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-praises-vice-president-kamala-harris-focus-on-pro-democracy-legislation/.
  29. “End Citizens United Files Four New Complaints against Stein, West, RFK Jr and GOP Operatives.” End Citizens United , October 3, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-files-four-new-complaints-against-stein-west-rfk-jr-and-gop-operatives/.
  30. “End Citizens United and Accountable.US Launch Corrupt Cabinet Website.” Accountable US, February 13, 2025. https://accountable.us/end-citizens-united-and-accountable-us-launch-corrupt-cabinet-website/.
  31. “Trump’s Project 2025 Plan to Dismantle Education Department Is a Direct Attack on Working Families .” End Citizens United , February 4, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/trumps-project-2025-plan-to-dismantle-education-department-is-a-direct-attack-on-working-families/.
  32. “Bondi and Trump Invite Foreign Interference in Our Elections .” End Citizens United, February 13, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/bondi-and-trump-invite-foreign-interference-in-our-elections/.
  33. “Musk-Led Closure of CFPB Gives Corporate America Free Pass to Exploit Consumers .” End Citizens United, February 13, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/musk-led-closure-of-cfpb-gives-corporate-america-free-pass-to-exploit-consumers/.
  34. “ECU // Lav Releases Plan to Reform Supreme Court .” End Citizens United, September 28, 2022. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/ecu-lav-releases-plan-to-reform-supreme-court/.
  35. “End Citizens United // Let America Vote Statement on the Supreme Court Overturning Affirmative Action .” End Citizens United , June 29, 2023. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-let-america-vote-statement-on-the-supreme-court-overturning-affirmative-action/.
  36. “End Citizens United // Let America Vote Statement on Two Year Anniversary of Supreme Court Overturning Roe v. Wade .” End Citizens United , June 24, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-let-america-vote-statement-on-two-year-anniversary-of-supreme-court-overturning-roe-v-wade/.
  37. “End Citizens United Blasts Supreme Court Decision to Overturn Chevron Doctrine.” End Citizens United , June 28, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-blasts-supreme-court-decision-to-overturn-chevron-doctrine/.
  38. “End Citizens United Applauds Biden-Harris Administration’s Supreme Court Reform Package .” End Citizens United , July 29, 2024. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-applauds-biden-harris-administrations-supreme-court-reform-package/.
  39. “End Citizens United Praises Reintroduction of the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act .” End Citizens United , March 5, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-praises-reintroduction-of-the-john-r-lewis-voting-rights-advancement-act/.
  40. “End Citizens United Statement on Trump Executive Order Targeting Voting Rights .” End Citizens United, March 26, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-statement-on-trump-executive-order-targeting-voting-rights/.
  41. “End Citizens United Slams Dangerous GOP Anti-Voter Bill .” End Citizens United , March 31, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/latest-news/press-releases/end-citizens-united-slams-dangerous-gop-anti-voter-bill/.
  42. Network, Action. “End Citizens United: End Citizens United.” The Action Network. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://actionnetwork.org/groups/end-citizens-united.
  43. Ludwig, Hayden. “Former Politicos Cash in on Democratic Dreams.” Capital Research Center. September 7, 2018. Accessed September 11, 2018. https://capitalresearch.org/article/former-politicos-cash-in-on-democratic-dreams/.
  44. “Expenditures.” OpenSecrets. Accessed September 10, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/expends/vendor.php?year=2016&vendor=Mothership Strategies.
  45. “Expenditures.” OpenSecrets. Accessed September 10, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/expends/vendor.php?year=2018&vendor=Mothership Strategies.
  46. Davidow, Sally. “Workers at ECU Are Unionizing.” The NewsGuild – CWA, March 9, 2022. https://newsguild.org/workers-at-ecu-are-unionizing/.
  47. “PAC Profile: End Citizens United.” OpenSecrets. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/end-citizens-united/C00573261/summary/2022
  48. “End Citizens United Independent Expenditures.” OpenSecrets. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/end-citizens-united/C00573261/independent-expenditures/2022
  49. “Meet Our Team.” End Citizens United. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://endcitizensunited.org/about-us/meet-our-team/
  50. “Tiffany Muller.” Linkedin. Accessed April 10, 2024. Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiffany-muller-407a174
  51. “Abe Rakov.” LinkedIn. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://www.linkedin.com/in/aberakov/.
  52. “Meet Our Team .” End Citizens United. Accessed April 6, 2025. https://endcitizensunited.org/about-us/meet-our-team/.
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