Cheryl Mills is an attorney, a longtime counselor to the Clinton family, and the founder and CEO of BlackIvy Group, a company that builds businesses in Africa.

Mills first began working with the Clintons in 1992 when President Bill Clinton was elected. Mills rose to prominence in 1999 when she worked on President Clinton’s defense during his impeachment trial. Soon after, she turned down the role as head counsel for the White House and entered the private sector. In 2009, Mills became a top advisor to then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

Early Life and Education

Cheryl Mills was born in 1965. Her father was a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, and Mills grew up on military bases in Belgium, Germany, and the United States. ¹

Mills received a B.A. from the University of Virginia, and a law degree from Stanford Law School. ²

Early Career

After graduating from law school, Cheryl Mills briefly worked at the law firm Hogan and Hartson in Washington, D.C. ³

Clinton Administration

In 1992, Mills moved to Little Rock, Arkansas to work for the transition team of incoming President Bill Clinton. ⁴

Mills worked as a legal counsel to the Clintons for seven years and “developed a reputation as extremely tough, extremely loyal and a leading figure in the give-no-ground camp in the White House.” She was named deputy counsel in 1997, and acting counsel in 1999. ⁵ She was offered the counsel role permanently but declined it. ⁶

In 1995, Mills defended the Clintons during the Whitewater affair, in which the presidential couple was accused of involvement in criminal conduct regarding a real estate deal. Shortly before U.S. Senate hearings, Mills’s car was broken into and a gym bag containing legal notes pertaining to the Whitewater case and the siege in Waco, Texas were stolen. ⁷

Mills gained national attention for her work in defending the Clintons during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, particularly her advocacy on President Clinton’s behalf in January 1999 during his impeachment trial in which Mills, an African American, defended Clinton’s record on civil rights. ⁸

Non-Government Work

After turning down the role of lead counsel in the Clinton White House, Mills took a break from law to serve as senior vice president for corporate policy and public programming at Oxygen Media. ⁹

In 2002, Mills became senior vice president for operations and administration. In 2006, Mills became general counsel for New York University. ¹⁰

U.S. State Department

In 2009, Cheryl Mills was appointed counselor and chief of staff to then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. After thousands of private emails from Secretary Clinton went public in 2015, an article by Politico called Mills “the only person who says no to Clinton,” noting both Mills’s friendly demeanor with Clinton and her blunt honesty. ¹¹

Ongoing Work with New York University

In October 2015, the Washington Post reported that during her first four months working in the U.S. State Department, Mills continued to work part-time for New York University as a consultant. In this role, Mils negotiated the construction of a new NYU campus in Abu Dhabi with the government of the United Arab Emirates. NYU paid Mills $198,000 in consulting fees, and an additional $330,000 in vacation and severance payments upon leaving the position. When interviewed by the Washington Post, Mills stated that her work was approved by the State Department there was no conflict of interest. ¹²

Clinton Foundation

Prior to working at the State Department, Mills was a board member of the Bill, Hillary, and Chelsea Clinton Foundation. After starting her job, Mills continued in the position for a short time despite violating an agreement Secretary Clinton made to separate Clinton Foundation affairs from her work at the State Department. While working at the State Department, Mills interviewed potential employees for the Clinton Foundation. Mills and Clinton stated that Mills’s work was voluntary and uncompensated, and therefore didn’t constitute a conflict of interest. ^{13 14}

Clinton Email Scandal

Mills was scrutinized in 2015 and 2016 during the Clinton email scandal in which Secretary Clinton was found to have used a private email server in violation of federal transparency regulations. In 2015, the Federal Bureau of Investigation ordered Mills to turn over all her work emails for the investigation. Afterward, under advice from her attorney, Mills deleted her work emails. ¹⁵

In 2016, Mills was questioned as a friendly witness by the FBI regarding Secretary Clinton’s use of a private email server in exchange for partial immunity from prosecution. Mills defended the Secretary’s conduct, but Mills and her attorney briefly left an interview after being asked questions about email procedure within the State Department that the FBI and Mills had agreed were off limits. ^{16 17}

In May 2016, Mills asked a judge to limit the public release of her deposition video. ¹⁸

In October 2016, Clinton emails leaked by Wikileaks revealed a March 2015 email chain in which Mills told Clinton presidential campaign chairman John Podesta that President Barack Obama knew about Secretary Clinton’s private email server from a news report. Mills told Podesta, “We need to clean this up—he has emails from her—they do not say state.gov.” Then-presidential candidate Donald Trump (R) publicly referenced Mills’s email as evidence that President Obama may have known about Clinton’s use of a private email server. ¹⁹

Black Ivy

Cheryl Mills is the founder and CEO of BlackIvy Group, an investment fund that develops infrastructure in Africa. In 2016, the company was financing projects in Tanzania and Ghana, the two African countries supported by “Partnership for Growth,” an initiative promoted by Secretary Clinton and the Obama administration. ²⁰

1.  Toner, Robin. “PUBLIC LIVES; For a Tough Clinton Lawyer, a Tough Decision to Leave.” New York Times. August 16, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/us/public-lives-for-a-tough-clinton-lawyer-a-tough-decision-to-leave.html.
2. “Cheryl Mills Appointed NYU General Counsel.” New York University. February 17, 2006. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/february/cheryl_mills_appointed_nyu.html.
3. Toner, Robin. “PUBLIC LIVES; For a Tough Clinton Lawyer, a Tough Decision to Leave.” New York Times. August 16, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/us/public-lives-for-a-tough-clinton-lawyer-a-tough-decision-to-leave.html.
4. Toner, Robin. “PUBLIC LIVES; For a Tough Clinton Lawyer, a Tough Decision to Leave.” New York Times. August 16, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/us/public-lives-for-a-tough-clinton-lawyer-a-tough-decision-to-leave.html.
5. Toner, Robin. “PUBLIC LIVES; For a Tough Clinton Lawyer, a Tough Decision to Leave.” New York Times. August 16, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/us/public-lives-for-a-tough-clinton-lawyer-a-tough-decision-to-leave.html.
6. Seelye, Katherine Q. “Chief Lawyer for White House Heads Back to Private Practice.” The New York Times. August 9, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/09/us/chief-lawyer-for-white-house-heads-back-to-private-practice.html.
7. Lawyer loses Whitewater Notes to Cat Burglar.” Los Angeles Times. July 15, 1995. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-07-15-mn-24214-story.html.
8. Toner, Robin. “PUBLIC LIVES; For a Tough Clinton Lawyer, a Tough Decision to Leave.” New York Times. August 16, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/us/public-lives-for-a-tough-clinton-lawyer-a-tough-decision-to-leave.html.
9. ^[1] “Cheryl Mills Appointed NYU General Counsel.” New York University. February 17, 2006. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/february/cheryl_mills_appointed_nyu.html.
10. “Cheryl Mills Appointed NYU General Counsel.” New York University. February 17, 2006. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/february/cheryl_mills_appointed_nyu.html.
11. Karni, Anne. “The only person who says no to Hillary.” Politico. September 1, 2015. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.politico.com/story/2015/09/cheryl-mills-hillary-clinton-aide-213242.
12. Hilderman, Rosalind S. “While at State, Clinton chief of staff held job negotiating with Abu Dhabi.” Washington Post. October 12, 2015. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:S6Rxp5pCM28J:https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/while-at-state-clinton-chief-of-staff-held-job-negotiating-with-abu-dhabi/2015/10/12/e847b3be-6863-11e5-8325-a42b5a459b1e_story.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us.
13. Hilderman, Rosalind S. “While at State, Clinton chief of staff held job negotiating with Abu Dhabi.” Washington Post. October 12, 2015. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:S6Rxp5pCM28J:https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/while-at-state-clinton-chief-of-staff-held-job-negotiating-with-abu-dhabi/2015/10/12/e847b3be-6863-11e5-8325-a42b5a459b1e_story.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us.
14. Griffin, Drew. “Top Clinton State Department aide helped Clinton Foundation.” CNN. August 11, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/11/politics/hillary-clinton-cgi-cheryl-mills/index.html.
15. Chalfant, Morgan. “Former Clinton Aide Cheryl Mills Will ‘Delete’ All Work-Related Emails.” Washington Free Beacon. August 10, 2015. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://freebeacon.com/politics/former-clinton-aide-cheryl-mills-will-delete-all-work-related-emails/.
16. Zapotosky, Matt. “Clinton aide Cheryl Mills leaves FBI interview briefly after being asked about emails.” Washington Post. May 10, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:HMmL1_LAEyYJ:https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/clinton-aide-leaves-interview-once-the-fbi-broaches-an-off-limits-topic/2016/05/10/cce5e0e8-161c-11e6-aa55-670cabef46e0_story.html+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us.
17. Gerstein, Josh; Gass, Nick. “Top Clinton aide Cheryl Mills granted partial immunity n email investigation.” Politico. September 23, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/mills-immunity-228580.
18. Schwab, Nikki. “Now Clinton aide fights to keep video of her being deposed about email scandal secret because of her ‘personal privacy.’” Daily Mail. May 26, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3610939/Now-Clinton-aide-fights-video-deposed-email-scandal-secret-personal-privacy.html.
19. Kopan, Tal. “Clinton aide in hacked email: Need to ‘clean up’ Obama answer on email server.” CNN. October 26, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/25/politics/cheryl-mills-john-podesta-email-obama-clean-up-wikileaks/index.html.
20. McIntire, Mike. “Haiti and Africa Projects Shed Light on Clinton’s Public-Private Web.” New York Times. October 16, 2016. Accessed March 23, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/17/us/hillary-clinton-cheryl-mills.html.